Figure 1.

Mechanisms involved in the loss of self-tolerance and development of autoimmune pathology. Activation of innate immune effectors as a danger signal, adjuvant effects, and a decreased clearance of autoreactive cells produce a sustained pathogenic response to the self-antigens that may result from apoptotic debris. Abnormal DNA methylation may also result in increased production and decreased clearance of apoptotic cells through macrophage apoptosis, and overstimulation of B cells.