Figure 1.

Collaborative induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines through Dectin-1 and TLR2 using specific ligands. (A) Production of TNF by C57BL/6 macrophages stimulated with 100, 10 or 1 μg/mL particulate β-glucan, with or without 10 ng/mL Pam₃CSK₄. (B) Western blots showing phosphorylation of Syk, and its substrate SLP-76, upon stimulation of RAW macrophages with 10 μg/mL β-glucan. Data shown are representative of two independent experiments. (C) Activation of Syk in 129Sv macrophages by β-glucan (arrows), as determined by fluorescence microscopy. Left panel, phase image; right panel phospho-Syk image. Scale bar indicates 10 μm. (D) Collaborative production of TNF by C57BL/6 macrophages stimulated with 10 μg/mL particulate β-glucan occurs over a range of Pam₃CSK₄ concentrations. (E) Collaborative TNF production by 129/Sv macrophages stimulated with 10 μg/mL particulate β-glucan and 10 ng/mL Pam₃CSK₄ is dependent on Dectin-1 expression. Collaborative MIP-1α (F) and MIP-2 (G) production from C57BL/6 macrophages stimulated with 10 μg/mL particulate β-glucan occurs over a range of Pam₃CSK₄ concentrations. Data shown are mean ± SD and are representative of at least two independent experiments.