Table 4.

Univariate and multivariable analysis of betel quid chewer to quit betel quid

Variable	Item	Univariate			Multivariable
		Hazard Rate Ratio	95% Confidence Interval	P-value	Hazard Rate Ratio	95% Confidence Interval	P-value
Sex	Male	3.48	(2.44, 4.97)	<.0001	1.73	(1.14, 2.64)	0.0107
	Female	1.00			1.00
Education	Literate	0.54	(0.41, 0.70)	<.0001	0.46	(0.28, 0.76)	0.0026
	Primary school	0.95	(0.77, 1.16)	0.5986	0.59	(0.37, 0.95)	0.0294
	Junior high school	1.23	(0.94, 1.62)	0.1281	0.67	(0.40, 1.11)	0.1156
	Senior high school	1.62	(1.26, 2.09)	0.0002	0.74	(0.46, 1.21)	0.2309
	College and above	1.00			1.00
Occupation	Unemployed or non-technical	0.76	(0.62, 0.93)	0.0083	1.19	(0.59, 2.41)	0.6295
	Technical	1.14	(0.92, 1.43)	0.2301	1.17	(0.58, 2.39)	0.6584
	Semi-professional	1.71	(1.17, 2.50)	0.0058	1.46	(0.68, 3.12)	0.3315
	Managerial/professional and above	1.00			1.00
Ethnicity	Aborigines	0.29	(0.22, 0.37)	<.0001	0.40	(0.30, 0.55)	<.0001
	Non-aborigines	1.00			1.00
Cigarette smoker	Yes	1.64	(1.28, 2.09)	<.0001	0.95	(0.73, 1.25)	0.7261
	No	1.00			1.00
Alcohol drinker	Yes	0.78	(0.63, 0.96)	0.0204	0.81	(0.65, 1.02)	0.0679
	No	1.00			1.00
Type of quid	Betel quid	0.48	(0.39, 0.58)	<.0001	0.73	(0.50, 1.08)	0.1127
	Lao-hwa quid	2.63	(2.13, 3.25)	<.0001	1.71	(1.13, 2.58)	0.0104
	Betel quid + Lao-hwa quid	2.08	(1.48, 2.94)	<.0001	1.70	(1.04, 2.79)	0.0362
	Others	1.00			1.00
Daily betel quid chewing amount (pieces)	1–9 pieces	1.00			1.00
	10–19 pieces	0.99	(0.78, 1.26)	0.9385	0.81	(0.62, 1.06)	0.1276
	20–29 pieces	0.98	(0.77, 1.26)	0.8960	0.75	(0.56, 0.99)	0.0401
	30–99 pieces	0.87	(0.68, 1.10)	0.2489	0.69	(0.52, 0.90)	0.0070
	above 100 pieces	0.66	(0.36, 1.20)	0.1742	0.57	(0.30, 1.07)	0.0785