Table.
Genes Harboring Allelic Variants That Distinguish Successful vs Unsuccessful Quitters in at Least 2 Samplesa
| Cluster SNPsb |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class/Gene | Description | 1 | 2 | 3 | P Valuec |
| Cell adhesion | |||||
| DAB1 | Disabled homologue 1 | 7 | 2 | .0117 | |
| ASTN | Astrotactin | 2 | 1 | .0334 | |
| USH2A | Usher syndrome 2A | 2 | 3 | .0421 | |
| CTNNA2 | Catenin 32 | 2 | 2 | .1254 | |
| CLSTN2 | Calsyntenin 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | .0045 |
| SEMA5A | Semaphorin 5A | 5 | 1 | .0087 | |
| TRIO | Triple functional domain/PTPRF interacting protein | 2 | 2 | .0375 | |
| PTPRN2 | Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase N2 | 5 | 5 | .0056 | |
| CSMD1 | Cub and Sushi multiple domains 1 | 10 | 5 | .0049 | |
| SGCZ | Sarcoglycan zeta | 3 | 5 | .0191 | |
| PTPRD | Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase D | 2 | 8 | .0028 | |
| TEK | TEK receptor tyrosine kinase | 2 | 2 | 3 | .0011 |
| PCDH15 | Protocadherin 15 | 3 | 4 | .0175 | |
| NRG3 | Neuregulin 3 | 4 | 1 | .0561 | |
| DSCAML1 | Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule like 1 | 2 | 2 | .0365 | |
| NRXN3 | Neurexin 3 | 2 | 3 | .1002 | |
| ITGA11 | Integrin 311 | 2 | 1 | .0166 | |
| CDH13 | Cadherin 13 | 8 | 3 | 7 | .0020 |
| LAMA1 | Laminin 31 | 2 | 2 | .0186 | |
| PTPRT | Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase T | 5 | 6 | 5 | .0024 |
| DSCAM | Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule | 10 | 2 | .0016 | |
| Enzymes | |||||
| ST6GALNAC3 | ST6 (3-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-3-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide 3-2,6-sialyltransferase 3 | 2 | 4 | .0143 | |
| REN | Renin | 1 | 2 | .0067 | |
| CERKL | Ceramide kinase-like | 1 | 3 | .0079 | |
| NEK11 | NIMA (never in mitosis gene a)–related kinase 11 | 7 | 7 | .0016 | |
| TNIK | TRAF2 and NCK interacting kinase | 2 | 2 | .0377 | |
| LEPREL1 | Leprecan-like 1 | 4 | 2 | .0060 | |
| GALNT17 | Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 17 | 4 | 2 | .0580 | |
| ADCY2 | Adenylate cyclase 2 | 3 | 1 | .0175 | |
| PPP2R2B | Protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B 3 isoform | 5 | 8 | .0007 | |
| DPP6 | Dipeptidyl peptidase 6 | 2 | 1 | .0310 | |
| PBK | PDZ binding kinase | 1 | 3 | .0038 | |
| ST3GAL1 | ST3 3-galactoside 3-2,3-sialyltransferase 1 | 2 | 1 | .0158 | |
| MOBKL2B | MOB1-like 2B | 1 | 2 | .0082 | |
| DAPK1 | Death-associated protein kinase 1 | 2 | 3 | .0105 | |
| LYZL1 | Lysozyme-like 1 | 2 | 2 | .0075 | |
| PRKG1 | cGMP-dependent protein kinase I | 7 | 3 | 4 | .0041 |
| ADAM12 | ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 | 1 | 2 | .0457 | |
| FDX1 | Ferredoxin 1 | 2 | 1 | .0100 | |
| SERPINA2 | Serpin peptidase inhibitor A2 | 1 | 2 | .0078 | |
| SERPINA1 | Serpin peptidase inhibitor A1 | 1 | 2 | .0080 | |
| AKAP13 | A kinase anchor protein 13 | 5 | 2 | .0065 | |
| ALDH3A2 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2 | 1 | 1 | .0033 | |
| ATP9A | Adenosine triphosphatase class II, type 9A | 1 | 1 | 2 | .0026 |
| LARGE | Like-glycosyltransferase | 4 | 4 | .0067 | |
| Transcriptional regulation | |||||
| TDRD5 | Tudor domain containing 5 | 2 | 1 | .0064 | |
| RARB | Retinoic acid receptor 3 | 1 | 2 | .0218 | |
| SUPT3H | Suppressor of Ty 3 homologue | 3 | 2 | .0306 | |
| CREB5 | cAMP-responsive element binding protein 5 | 5 | 2 | .0082 | |
| GLIS3 | GLI-similar family zinc finger 3 | 3 | 2 | .0174 | |
| BNC2 | Basonuclin 2 | 3 | 6 | .0027 | |
| TACC2 | Transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein 2 | 1 | 1 | .0141 | |
| SOX5 | SRY box 5 | 2 | 2 | .0514 | |
| NPAS3 | Neuronal PAS domain protein 3 | 5 | 1 | .0239 | |
| PAX9 | Paired box gene 9 | 1 | 2 | .0026 | |
| ZNF423 | Zinc finger protein 423 | 3 | 3 | .0044 | |
| SALL4 | Sal-like 4 | 1 | 1 | .0039 | |
| ERG | V-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene like | 2 | 2 | .0293 | |
| BCL2L13 | Bcl2-like 13 | 3 | 1 | .0037 | |
| Receptors | |||||
| GPR116 | G protein–coupled receptor 116 | 2 | 1 | .0114 | |
| CD109 | CD109 molecule | 1 | 1 | .0113 | |
| GRIK2 | Inotropic glutamate receptor kainate 2 | 2 | 2 | .0648 | |
| MTUS1 | Mitochondrial tumor suppressor 1 | 3 | 3 | .0049 | |
| GRIN2A | Inotropic glutamate receptor N-methyl D-aspartate 2A | 2 | 2 | .0427 | |
| GRIK1 | Inotropic glutamate receptor kainate 1 | 3 | 4 | .0028 | |
| Channels | |||||
| KCNN3 | N-type potassium channel 3 | 1 | 2 | .0224 | |
| KCNK2 | K-type potassium channel 2 | 4 | 2 | .0069 | |
| CACNA2D3 | Voltage-dependent calcium channel 32/3 subunit 3 | 3 | 8 | .0031 | |
| KCNIP4 | Kv channel interacting protein 4 | 6 | 2 | .0095 | |
| CACNB2 | Voltage-dependent calcium channel 32 | 2 | 2 | .0416 | |
| ITPR2 | Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 2 | 6 | 3 | .0030 | |
| Transporters | |||||
| ATP8A1 | Aminophospholipid transporter class type 8A 1 | 1 | 1 | .0169 | |
| SLC1A2 | Solute carrier family 1 high-affinity glutamate transporter 2 | 3 | 3 | .0045 | |
| MATE2 | H3/organic cation antiporter | 1 | 1 | .0047 | |
| DNA/RNA processing | |||||
| RBM19 | RNA-binding motif protein 19 | 5 | 2 | .0033 | |
| A2BP1 | Ataxin 2–binding protein 1 | 14 | 12 | .0015 | |
| Ligands for receptors | |||||
| OLFM3 | Olfactomedin 3 | 1 | 7 | .0006 | |
| FGF12 | Fibroblast growth factor 12 | 3 | 2 | .0321 | |
| TMTC2 | Transmembrane and tetratricopeptide repeat containing 2 | 1 | 2 | .0234 | |
| THSD4 | Thrombospondin type I domain containing 4 | 3 | 2 | 4 | .0035 |
| Protein processing | |||||
| PARK2 | Parkin | 6 | 2 | .0236 | |
| SORCS1 | Sortilin-related VPS10 domain containing receptor 1 | 2 | 4 | .0168 | |
| Intracellular signaling pathways | |||||
| CHN2 | Chimerin 2 | 2 | 2 | .0314 | |
| PEBP4 | Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 | 3 | 2 | .0065 | |
| NELL1 | NEL-like 1 | 2 | 2 | .0911 | |
| EFCBP2 | EF-hand calcium binding protein 2 | 1 | 1 | .0064 | |
| BIK | Bcl2-interacting killer | 1 | 2 | .0087 | |
| Structural proteins | |||||
| KIAA1026 | Kazrin | 3 | 2 | .0130 | |
| NPHS2 | Podocin | 1 | 2 | .0038 | |
| PKP1 | Plakophilin 1 | 1 | 1 | .0153 | |
| ERC2 | ELKS/RAB6-interacting/CAST family member 2 | 5 | 3 | .0129 | |
| MAGI1 | Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 1 | 7 | 2 | .0060 | |
| PARD3 | Partitioning defective 3 homologue | 4 | 2 | 2 | .0077 |
| UNC13C | Unc13 homologue C | 3 | 2 | .0354 | |
| SNAP25 | Synaptosomal-associated protein | 1 | 3 | .0068 | |
| MYO18B | Myosin XVIIIB | 5 | 3 | .0033 | |
| Unknown functions | |||||
| TMEM108 | Transmembrane protein 108 | 8 | 1 | .0009 | |
| C4orf22 | Chromosome 4 open reading frame 22 | 1 | 1 | .0836 | |
| FLJ20184 | Hypothetical protein FLJ20184 | 2 | 1 | .0139 | |
| C10orf64 | Chromosome 10 open reading frame 64 | 1 | 2 | .0078 | |
| BTBD16 | BTB (POZ) domain containing 16 | 1 | 1 | .0059 | |
| LUZP2 | Leucine zipper protein 2 | 3 | 1 | .0217 | |
| CCDC73 | Coiled-coil domain containing 73 | 3 | 3 | .0031 | |
| FLJ42220 | FLJ42220 protein | 2 | 2 | .0030 | |
| CCBE1 | Collagen- and calcium-binding EGF domains 1 | 1 | 2 | .0134 | |
Abbreviations: cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism.
Chromosome number and initial chromosomal position for the genes come from National Center for Biotechnology Information Map Viewer Build 36.1 coordinates (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/mapview/F2). Monte Carlo P values for each gene come from 10 000 simulation trials that each begins with random sampling from a database that contains all gene segments ±10 kilobases (kb). These simulations assess the frequency of trials in which at least the observed numbers of nominally positive SNPs identified in each of the 3 samples studied herein was recorded to provide an empirical P value. Eight genes (noted in boldface) receive clustered, nominally highly significant association signals from each of the 3 samples studied herein.
Data are expressed as numbers of clustered SNPs from samples 1, 2, and 3 that display nominally highly significant (P < .01) allele frequency differences between individuals with successful and unsuccessful attempts to quit smoking within the gene’s exons or introns or in 10-kb 3′ or 5′ flanks of annotated exons. Empty cells reflect absence of clustered nominally significant SNPs in the sample.
Indicates the P values for each gene, based on Monte Carlo simulations.