Table 5.
Independent variables | Odds ratio | ||
---|---|---|---|
Ghana | Senegal | Mali | |
Individual characteristics | |||
Self-perception of illness (base: not serious) | |||
Serious | 2.57*** | 1.38 | 2.21*** |
Very Serious | 4.28*** | 1.89 | 3.00*** |
Under 5 years of age (base: 5 years and over) | 1.14 | 1.57 | 1.32* |
Female (base: male) | 1.34 | 0.90 | 0.89 |
Household characteristics | |||
Female headed household (base: male headed) | 0.98 | 1.27 | 0.89 |
Level of education of head of household (base: none) | |||
Primary | 0.70 | 1.18 | 1.10 |
Secondary or higher | 0.74 | 0.90 | 1.04 |
Occupation of head of household (base: none) | |||
Agriculture | 0.63 | 1.16 | 0.87 |
Other (Commerce/trade/ artisan/administration) | 0.61 | 1.37 | 0.91 |
Household economic status (base: poorest 20%) | |||
Middle-poor 20% | 0.87 | 1.99* | 1.26 |
Middle 20% | 0.81 | 3.09*** | 1.44 |
Middle-rich 20% | 1.73 | 1.94 | 1.79*** |
Richest 20% | 1.53 | 4.33*** | 2.28*** |
Community characteristics | |||
Urban (base: rural) | 1.23 | 0.55* | 1.98*** |
Availability of health facility in the community (base: no) | 1.21 | 1.74*** | |
MHO enrolment | |||
Enrolled in MHO (base: not enrolled) | 1.81** | 0.90 | 1.48** |
Number of cases | 415 | 363 | 1701 |
*P < 0.10; **P < 0.05; ***P < 0.01.
Dependent variable: visit to modern provider for curative care when ill (yes = 1; no = 0).