Table 6.

Determinants of hospitalization (logistic regression results)

Independent variables	Odds ratio
	Ghana	Senegal
Individual characteristics
Handicap (base: no)		3.07***
Chronic illness (base: no)		3.08***
Individual demographics (base: male 15-49 years)
Male: 0-4 years	4.84***	0.99
Male: 5-14 years	1.69	0.73
Male: ≥50 years	8.22***	2.21**
Female: 0-4 years	5.20***	0.91
Female: 5-14 years	0.92	0.85
Female: 15-49 years	6.73***	2.01*
Female: ≥50 years	9.19***	1.20
Household characteristics
Female headed household (base: male headed)	1.17	1.00
Education of head of household (base: none)
Primary	0.99	1.28
Secondary or higher	0.85	0.96
Occupation of head of household (base: none)
Agriculture	0.60***	0.85
Commerce/trade/artisan	0.86	1.24
Administration	0.45	1.17
Household economic status (base: poorest 20%)
Middle-poor 20%	0.69	0.97
Middle 20%	0.86	0.84
Middle-rich 20%	0.83	0.97
Richest 20%	1.39	0.88
Community characteristics
Urban	0.86	1.28
Availability of health facility in the community (base: no)		1.43
MHO enrolment (base: not enrolled)
Enrolled in MHO with high outpatient care coverage		1.18
Enrolled in MHO with high inpatient care coverage	1.09	2.28***
Number of cases	9554	9226

*P < 0.10; **P < 0.05; ***P < 0.01.

Dependent variable: hospitalized in past year (Ghana) or past 2 years (Senegal) (yes = 1; no = 0).