Table 8.
Determinants of out-of-pocket expenditures for modern outpatient curative care
| Independent variables | Coefficient estimates | |
|---|---|---|
| Senegal | Mali | |
| Individual characteristics | ||
| Self-perception of illness (base: not serious) | ||
| Serious | 0.75** | 0.22 |
| Very serious | 0.80* | 0.08 |
| Under 5 years of age (base: 5 years and over) | −0.58 | −0.88** |
| Female (base: male) | 0.27 | −0.69** |
| Household characteristics | ||
| Female headed household (base: male) | −0.23 | −1.07 |
| Education of head of household (base: none) | ||
| Primary | −0.21 | −0.05 |
| Secondary or higher | −0.68 | −0.58 |
| Occupation of head of household (base: none) | ||
| Agriculture | −0.05 | −1.04** |
| Other (Commerce/Trade/ Artisan/Administration) | −0.36 | −0.58 |
| Household economic status (base: poorest 20%) | ||
| Middle-poor 20% | 0.18 | 0.61 |
| Middle 20% | 0.92* | 0.49 |
| Middle-rich 20% | 0.06 | 0.71 |
| Richest 20% | 1.30** | 1.21* |
| Community characteristics | ||
| Urban | 0.53 | −0.31 |
| Availability of health facility in the community (base: no) | 0.04 | −0.72* |
| MHO enrolment | ||
| Enrolled in MHO (base: not enrolled) | −0.48 | 0.09 |
| Constant | 6.82*** | 8.60*** |
| Number of cases | 283 | 574 |
*P < 0.10; **P < 0.05; ***P < 0.01.
Dependent variable: log (total out-of-pocket expenditures +1).