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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Jun 18.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Oct;86(4):1073–1081. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/86.4.1073

TABLE 5.

Adjusted mean values of total homocysteine (tHcy) among 1477 women by quintile (Q) of energy-adjusted glycerophosphocholine and phosphocholine within categories of folate intake and alcohol intake1

Nutrient intake
 Percentage change (Q1—Q5)
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 P for interaction
%
Folate intake (μg/d)
    Choline from glycerophosphocholine2
        Median intake (mg/d) 34.3 43.6 51.1 61.7 80.0
        <400 μg/d (n = 731) 12.0 ± 0.53,4 11.2 ± 0.44 10.8 ± 0.3 11.4 ± 0.54 10.2 ± 0.3 −15 0.15
        ≥400 μg/d (n = 746) 10.1 ± 0.3 10.5 ± 0.34 10.2 ± 0.3 10.0 ± 0.3 9.7 ± 0.3 −4
    Choline from phosphocholine2
        Median intake (mg/d) 10.2 12.5 14.3 16.6 20.3
        <400 μg/d (n = 731) 11.7 ± 0.44 11.8 ± 0.54 11.5 ± 0.54 10.3 ± 0.3 9.9 ± 0.4 −15 0.03
        ≥400 μg/d (n = 746) 10.1 ± 0.3 10.1 ± 0.3 10.5 ± 0.34 9.9 ± 0.2 9.7 ± 0.3 −4
Alcohol intake (g/d)
    Choline from glycerophosphocholine5
        Median intake (mg/d) 34.3 43.6 51.1 61.7 80.0
        0 g/d (n = 471) 10.3 ± 0.3 10.5 ± 0.5 10.3 ± 0.3 10.5 ± 0.4 9.8 ± 0.3 −5
        0.1−14.9 g/d (n = 768) 11.0 ± 0.4 10.5 ± 0.2 10.4 ± 0.3 10.7 ± 0.4 10.1 ± 0.3 −8 0.02
        ≥15 g/d (n = 196) 14.2 ± 1.66 12.7 ± 1.6 11.4 ± 0.7 11.1 ± 0.5 10.3 ± 0.6 −27
    Choline from phosphocholine5
        Median intake (mg/d) 10.2 12.5 14.3 16.6 20.3
        0 g/d (n = 471) 9.8 ± 0.3 10.7 ± 0.4 11.3 ± 0.56 9.8 ± 0.3 9.6 ± 0.3 −2
        0.1−14.9 g/d (n = 768) 10.9 ± 0.46 10.5 ± 0.2 11.1 ± 0.56 10.3 ± 0.2 10.0 ± 0.3 −8 0.04
        ≥15 g/d (n = 196) 13.1 ± 1.06 13.3 ± 1.56 10.9 ± 0.5 10.5 ± 0.5 10.7 ± 0.6 −18
    Free choline5
        Median intake (mg/d) 58.5 67.5 73.8 80.8 92.8
        0 g/d (n = 471) 10.1 ± 0.3 10.3 ± 0.3 10.8 ± 0.4 9.7 ± 0.3 10.6 ± 0.6 5
        0.1−14.9 g/d (n = 768) 10.5 ± 0.4 10.7 ± 0.3 10.2 ± 0.3 10.6 ± 0.4 10.7 ± 0.3 2 0.07
        ≥15 g/d (n = 196) 14.8 ± 2.36 11.1 ± 0.8 13.7 ± 1.86 11.5 ± 0.66 10.6 ± 0.4 −28
1

Linear regression model was adjusted for age, smoking status, menopausal status, laboratory batch, coffee, total calories, and intakes of methionine and riboflavin.

2

Also adjusted for alcohol intake.

3

x̄ ± SEM (all such values).

4

Significantly different from Q5 of choline-containing compound and folate ≥400 μg/d category based on linear regression models, P < 0.05 (Wald test).

5

Also adjusted for folate intake.

6

Significantly different from Q1 of choline-containing compound and 0 g/d alcohol based on linear regression models, P < 0.05 (Wald test).