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Titers of phage particles for the washing, reaction, and elution buffers from four selection/amplification cycles with pC-4X library. The collection procedure for the buffers shown in the x axis is depicted in the flow chart of Fig. 2. The x axis label such as W4–6 indicates that the fourth to the sixth washing buffers were pooled together for titer, and the histogram shows the titer in colony forming units/ml.
