Table 1.

Inhibition or modulation of regulatory cells, suppressor pathways and cytokines as a function of contrasuppression

Suppression	Contrasuppression
CD25+ FoxP3+ CD4+ T cells	IL-6
	Inhibiting the CD40–CD40L pathway
	My D88-dependent signalingpathway of TLR2 in miceand TLR8 in humans
	TLR8 ligands-ssRNA and poly-Goligonucleotides
CTLA-4-CD80/CD86	Blockade by single-chain antibodyto CTLA-4
PD-1:PD-L1/L2	IL-2
	PD-1 or PD-L1 antibodies
GITR	GITR ligands or antibodies
TGF-β, IL-10	TGF-β, IL-10 antibodies