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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Jun 20.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurotrauma. 2007 Apr;24(4):657–673. doi: 10.1089/neu.2006.0011

FIG. 2.

FIG. 2

Trajectories of the impactor tip during impact stroke: measurements of velocity and overshoot. All trajectories were measured using a fast laser Doppler displacement sensor aimed at the tip of the impactor. (A) EM impactor set at 3 or 7 V, yielding velocities of 3.6 or 5.2 m/sec. Overshoot, defined as the transient excursion of the impactor tip past the set distance specified by the user, was 0.31 ± 0.032 mm at 7 V and essentially unchanged at 3 V. Set distance and overshoot are indicated by top and bottom dashed lines, respectively. (B) Pneumatic impactor (Amscien, AMS201) with high-pressure settings of 50 or 100 psi yielding velocities of 3.7 or 5.2 m/sec. (C) Overshoot as a function of velocity for the electromagnetic and pneumatic impactors. Overshoot was strongly velocity-dependent for the pneumatic impactor as tested but there was little change in overshoot with velocity for the electromagnetic impactor.