Figure 3.
The TZD pioglitazone inhibits microglial IL-12 p40 expression in response to diverse TLR ligands. Primary microglia were plated at 2 × 105 cells/well in 96-well plates and incubated overnight. The following day, cells were pretreated for 1 hour with the indicated concentrations of pioglitazone prior to the addition of TLR ligands. Cell-conditioned supernatants were collected at 24 hours following TLR ligand exposure, whereupon IL-12 p40 levels were determined by ELISA (a). The effects of pioglitazone on microglial viability were assessed using an MTT assay (b). Significant differences between microglia treated with TLR ligands alone versus TLR ligands + pioglitazone are noted with asterisks (* P < .05;**P < .001). Results presented are representative of two independent experiments.