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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Jun 23.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Methods. 2002 Dec;7(4):403–421. doi: 10.1037//1082-989X.7.4.403

Table 2.

Fit Indices: Point Estimates and 90% Confidence Intervals (CIs)

Absolute fit
Absolute misfit
Comparative fit
Data type and CI limit GFI AGFI MC RMR RMSEA NNFI NFI RNI
Empirical data 0.75 0.31 0.53 .02 0.31 0.82 0.91 0.92
 Lower limit 0.71 0.20 0.45 0.23
 Upper limit 0.84 0.56 0.71 0.35
Artificial data 0.99 0.98 1.08 .02 0.00 1.14 0.99 1.07
 Lower limit 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
 Upper limit 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00

Note. GFI = goodness-of-fit index; AGFI = adjusted goodness-of-fit index; MC = measure of centrality; RMR = root-mean-square residual; RMSEA = root-mean-square error of approximation; NNFI = nonnormed fit index; NFI = normed fit index; RNI = relative noncentrality index.