TABLE 2.

Cytokine profile in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients and controls

Cytokine profile	CHF (n=54), mean ± SD	Control (n=70), mean ± SD
Interleukin-2, ng/L	4.39±4.49	5.78±9.00
Interleukin-4, ng/L	0.50±1.69	0.40±1.25
Interleukin-6, ng/L	10.59±15.01***	1.52±0.94
Interleukin-8, ng/L	15.92±14.21***	8.21±5.48
Interleukin-10, ng/L	1.02±3.65*	0.24±1.05
Vascular endothelial growth factor, μg/L	256.90±237.66	281.17±230.37
Interferon-gamma, ng/L	3.53±4.45	4.45±4.07
Tumour necrosis factor-alpha, ng/L	4.96±5.43**	1.30±1.57
Interleukin-1a, ng/L	0.61±1.85	0.42±1.15
Interleukin-1b, ng/L	1.40±6.42*	0.47±1.27
Monocyte chemoattractant protein, μg/L	380.47±196.59	413.66± 156.96
Epidermal growth factor, ng/L	23.10±33.01***	14.68±14.43

^*P<0.05;

^**P<0.01;

^***P<0.001 compared with controls