Table 4.
Outcome of care in primary and secondary care.
| Difference (95% CI) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Primary care | Secondary care | Unadjusted | P-value | Case-mix adjustmenta | P-value | Full-model adjustmentb | P-value | ICC |
| HbA1c, % (SD) | 7.1 (1.1) | 7.6 (1.2) | −0.51 (−0.64 to −0.39) | <0.001 | −0.27 (−0.44 to −0.11) | 0.001 | −0.28 (−0.51 to −0.05) | 0.016 | 0.067 |
| BP systolic, mmHg | 145.7 (19.2) | 147.7 (21.0) | −2.01 (−4.15 to 0.13) | 0.066 | −2.15 (−4.90 to −0.60) | 0.127 | −3.50 (−6.75 to −0.25) | 0.035 | 0.024 |
| BP diastolic, mmHg | 82.7 (9.2) | 79.6 (11.2) | 3.05 (2.00 to 4.10) | <0.001 | 3.14 1.78 to 4.50) | <0.001 | 1.78 (−0.28 to 3.84) | 0.090 | 0.044 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/l | 5.2 (1.0) | 5.0 (1.1) | 0.21 (0.10 to 0.32) | <0.001 | 0.14 (−0.002 to 0.28) | 0.054 | 0.02 (−0.19 to 0.24) | 0.827 | 0.024 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.4 (5.5) | 30.2 (6.9) | −0.82 (−1.45 to −0.19) | 0.011 | −0.33 (−1.12 to 0.47) | 0.422 | −0.42 (−1.41 to o.58) | 0.412 | 0.009 |
| DTSQ | 31.6 (5.2) | 30.4 (5.5) | 1.23 (0.65 to 1.81) | <0.001 | 0.03 (−0.68 to 0.73) | 0.939 | −0.19 (−1.01 to 0.64) | 0.660 | 0.037 |
a
Adjusted for case-mix differences including sex, age, duration of diabetes, microvascular and macrovascular complications, education, insulin use, and quality of life.
b
Adjusted for case-mix differences and practice-level clustering. HbA1c = haemoglobin A1c. BP = blood pressure. DTSQ = Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire. ICC = intracluser correlation.