Effect of pioglitazone (PIO) on pressor responses induced by spinal cord stimulation (SCS) (a; 2–8 Hz), noradrenaline (NA) (b; 125–500 ng kg−1) and angiotensin II (Ang II) (c; 40–200 pmol kg−1) in the pithed control rats, PIO-treated control rats, untreated fructose-drinking rats (FDR) and PIO-treated FDR. Each symbol represents the mean and vertical bars show s.e.mean. PIO at a dose of 2.5 or 10 mg kg−1 day−1 was administered p.o. for 2 weeks from 14 to 16 weeks of age. *P<0.01 vs control rats. †P<0.05, ‡P<0.01 vs untreated FDR. MBP, mean blood pressure.