Fig. 4.

Hydraulic head profiles for simulations with base-case and reduced irrigation pumping rates. Four simulated profiles are shown for each location illustrated in Inset: split alternative with base-case pumping, split alternative with half the irrigation pumping rate, deep domestic pumping with no irrigation pumping, and predevelopment. All parameters are base-case values. Gray bands show depths of pumping for simulations in which pumping is included. (A) Flow paths to deep domestic wells are sustainable (paths originate outside the high-arsenic region) for split base-case and half-irrigation pumping simulations. Flow paths are not sustainable for the “no irrigation” and predevelopment scenarios. (B) Flow paths to deep domestic wells are sustainable for all four pumping scenarios.