Table 1. Designation and characteristics of Leishmania infantum strains used in this study.
| Country (number of strains) | Region (number of MON-1 strains of each region) | MON | Pathologya | Lab code | WHO-Code | Population assignment K = 4 |
| Spain | Majorca (12) | 1 | VL/HIV+ | INF-41 | MHOM/ES/1993/PM1 | 2 |
| (66) | Majorca | 1 | VL/HIV+ | ES11(I) | MHOM/ES/2001/LLM-981 | 2 |
| Majorca | 1 | 2. Episode of ES11(I) | ES12(I) | MHOM/ES/2002/LLM-1122 | 2 | |
| Majorca | 1 | VL/HIV+ | ES13(I) | MHOM/ES/2001/LLM-1048 | 3 | |
| Majorca | 1 | VL/HIV+ | ES14(I) | MHOM/ES/2001/LLM-1049 | 3 | |
| Majorca | 1 | CL/HIV+ | ES15(I) | MHOM/ES/2002/LLM-1150 | 2 | |
| Majorca | 1 | VL | ES16(I) | MHOM/ES/2002/LLM-1109 | 3 | |
| Majorca | 1 | CanL | ES17(I) | MCAN/ES/2001/LLM-1008 | 2 | |
| Majorca | 1 | CanL | ES18(I) | MCAN/ES/2001/LLM-1007 | 2 | |
| Majorca | 1 | CanL | ES19(I) | MCAN/ES/2001/LLM-1038 | 2 | |
| Majorca | 1 | 3. Episode of ES11(I) | ES13(III) | MHOM/ES/2001/LLM-1035 | 2 | |
| Majorca | 1 | 4. Episode of ES11(I) | ES14(III) | MHOM/ES/2002/LLM-1167 | 2 | |
| Ibiza (15) | 1 | CanL | ES20(I) | MCAN/ES/2002/LLM-1149 | 2 | |
| Ibiza | 1 | CanL | ES21(I) | MCAN/ES/2002/LLM-1155 | 2 | |
| Ibiza | 1 | CanL | ES22(I) | MCAN/ES/2002/LLM-1203 | 2 | |
| Ibiza | 1 | CanL | ES23(I) | MCAN/ES/2002/LLM-1139 | 2 | |
| Ibiza | 1 | CanL | ES24(I) | MCAN/ES/2002/LLM-1141 | 2 | |
| Ibiza | 1 | CanL | ES25(I) | MCAN/ES/2002/LLM-1158 | 2 | |
| Ibiza | 1 | CanL | ES10(II) | MCAN/ES/2003/LLM-1228 | 2 | |
| Ibiza | 1 | CanL | ES11(II) | MCAN/ES/2003/LLM-1233 | 2 | |
| Ibiza | 1 | CanL | ES12(II) | MCAN/ES/2003/LLM-1238 | 2 | |
| Ibiza | 1 | CanL | ES13(II) | MCAN/ES/2003/LLM-1240 | 2 | |
| Ibiza | 1 | CanL | ES14(II) | MCAN/ES/2001/LLM-1215 | 2 | |
| Ibiza | 1 | CanL | ES15(II) | MCAN/ES/2003/LLM-1237 | 2 | |
| Ibiza | 1 | CanL | ES16(II) | MCAN/ES/2003/LLM-1241 | 2 | |
| Ibiza | 1 | CanL | ES17(II) | MCAN/ES/2003/LLM-1226 | 2 | |
| Ibiza | 1 | CanL | ES18(II) | MCAN/ES/2003/LLM-1267 | 2 | |
| Madrid (20) | 1 | VL/transplant. | ES1(I) | MHOM/ES/2001/LLM-984 | 4 | |
| Madrid | 1 | VL/HIV+ | ES2(I) | MHOM/ES/2001/LLM-983 | 3 | |
| Madrid | 1 | VL | ES3(I) | MHOM/ES/2001/LLM-980 | 4 | |
| Madrid | 1 | VL/HIV+ | ES4(I) | MHOM/ES/2002/LLM-1181 | 3 | |
| Madrid | 1 | 2. Episode of ES4(I) | ES5(I) | MHOM/ES/2002/LLM-1212 | 3 | |
| Madrid | 1 | VL/HIV+ | ES6(I) | MHOM/ES/2002/LLM-1166 | 4 | |
| Madrid | 1 | CanL | ES7(I) | MCAN/ES/2001/LLM-1006 | 3 | |
| Madrid | 1 | CanL | ES8(I) | MCAN/ES/2001/LLM-1014 | 3 | |
| Madrid | 1 | CanL | ES9(I) | MCAN/ES/2001/LLM-1037 | 2 | |
| Madrid | 1 | CanL | ES10(I) | MCAN/ES/2001/LLM-1040 | 3 | |
| Madrid | 1 | VL/HIV+ | ES1(III) | MHOM/ES/2002/LLM-1220 | 2 | |
| Madrid | 1 | 2. Episode of ES1(III) | ES2(III) | MHOM/ES/2002/LLM-1217 | 2 | |
| Madrid | 1 | CanL | ES1(II) | MCAN/ES/2001/LLM-1068 | 3 | |
| Madrid | 1 | CanL | ES2(II) | MCAN/ES/2001/LLM-1102 | 1 | |
| Madrid | 1 | CanL | ES3(II) | MCAN/ES/2001/LLM-1106 | 3 | |
| Madrid | 1 | CanL | ES5(II) | MCAN/ES/2002/LLM-1113 | 3 | |
| Madrid | 1 | CanL | ES6(II) | MCAN/ES/2001/LLM-1116 | 3 | |
| Madrid | 1 | CanL | ES7(II) | MCAN/ES/2001/LLM-1128 | 3 | |
| Madrid | 1 | CanL | ES8(II) | MCAN/ES/2001/LLM-1136 | 3 | |
| Madrid | 1 | CanL | ES9(II) | MCAN/ES/2001/LLM-1148 | 2 | |
| Catalonia (3) | 1 | CL | INF-43 | MHOM/ES/1986/BCN16 | 3 | |
| Catalonia | 1 | VL | ES7(III) | MHOM/ES/2002/LLM-1184 | 3 | |
| Catalonia | 1 | 2. Episode of ES7(III) | ES8(III) | MHOM/ES/2003/LLM-1232 | 3 | |
| Madrid | 198 | VL/HIV+ | INF-37 | MHOM/ES/88/LLM175 | 4 | |
| Madrid | 199 | VL/HIV+ | INF-55 | MHOM/ES/92/LLM373 | 4 | |
| Catalonia | 77 | CanL | INF-32 | MCAN/ES/86/LEM935 | 3/4 | |
| Valencia | 183 | VL/HIV+ | INF-46 | MHOM/ES/91/LEM2298 | 4 | |
| Madrid | 24 | VL/HIV+ | ES5(III) | MHOM/ES/97/LLM-707 | 4 | |
| Madrid | 24 | 2. Episode of ES5(III) | ES6(III) | MHOM/ES/97/LLM-709 | 4 | |
| Majorca | 24 | VL/HIV+ | ES9(III) | MHOM/ES/98/LLM-810 | 2/4 | |
| Majorca | 24 | 2. Episode of ES9(III) | ES10(III) | MHOM/ES/99/LLM-846 | 2/4 | |
| unknown | 24 | CL | INF-04 | MHOM/ES/87/Lombardi | 4 | |
| Madrid | 27 | VL/HIV+ | ES3(III) | MHOM/ES/2001/LLM-1036 | 4 | |
| Madrid | 27 | 2. Episode of ES3(III) | ES4(III) | MHOM/ES/2003/LLM-1254 | 4 | |
| Andalucia | 34 | VL/HIV+ | ES11(III) | MHOM/ES/98/LLM-745 | 4 | |
| Andalucia | 34 | 2. Episode of ES11(III) | ES12(III) | MHOM/ES/99/LLM-879 | 4 | |
| Madrid | 34 | VL/HIV+ | ES15(III) | MHOM/ES/95/LLM-531 | 4 | |
| Madrid | 34 | 2. Episode of ES15(III) | ES16(III) | MHOM/ES/98/LLM-780 | 4 | |
| Madrid | 34 | 3. Episode of ES15(III) | ES17(III) | MHOM/ES/2001/LLM-1034 | 4 | |
| Portugal | Alto Douro (10) | 1 | CanL | PT5(I) | MCAN/PT/1989/IMT162 | 3 |
| (44) | Alto Douro | 1 | Phlebotomus | PT6(I) | IARI/PT/1989/IMT169 | 2 |
| Alto Douro | 1 | Phlebotomus | PT7(I) | IARI/PT/1989/IMT170 | 2 | |
| Alto Douro | 1 | VL | PT8(I) | MHOM/PT/2002/IMT279 | 3 | |
| Alto Douro | 1 | VL | PT9(I) | MHOM/PT/2002/IMT288 | 3 | |
| Alto Douro | 1 | CL | PT10(I) | MHOM/PT/2003/IMT337 | 3 | |
| Alto Douro | 1 | VL | PT7(II) | MHOM/PT/2004/IMT359 | 3 | |
| Alto Douro | 1 | VL | PT8(II) | MHOM/PT/2004/IMT360 | 3 | |
| Alto Douro | 1 | CanL | PT13(II) | MCAN/PT/1989/IMT160 | 2 | |
| Alto Douro | 1 | CanL | PT14(II) | MCAN/PT/1989/IMT161 | 3 | |
| Algarve (3) | 1 | CanL | PT1(I) | MCAN/PT/1993/IMT193 | 3 | |
| Algarve | 1 | Phlebotomus | PT2(I) | IPERN/PT/1993/IMT189 | 3/4 | |
| Algarve | 1 | CanL | PT17(II) | MCAN/PT/1994/IMT204 | 3 | |
| Alentejo (4 MON-1) | 1 | CanL | PT3(I) | MCAN/PT/1995/IMT205 | 3 | |
| Alentejo | 1 | CanL | PT4(I) | MCAN/PT/2003/IMT328 | 3 | |
| Alentejo | n.d. | VL | PT9(II) | MHOM/PT/2004/IMT363 | 4 | |
| Alentejo | 1 | CanL | PT15(II) | MCAN/PT/2004/IMT355 | 3 | |
| Alentejo | 1 | CanL | PT16(II) | MCAN/PT/2004/IMT356 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL (25)b | 1 | CL | INF-44 | MHOM/PT/2000/IMT260 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | CanL | PT11(I) | MCAN/PT/1997/IMT229 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | CanL | PT12(I) | MCAN/PT/2003/IMT300 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | CanL | PT13(I) | MCAN/PT/2003/IMT327 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | CanL | PT14(I) | MCAN/PT/2003/IMT316 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | CanL | PT15(I) | MCAN/PT/2003/IMT329 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | CanL | PT16(I) | MCAN/PT/2003/IMT330 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | CanL | PT17(I) | MCAN/PT/2003/IMT338 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | CanL | PT18(I) | MCAN/PT/2003/IMT339 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | VL/HIV+ | PT19(I) | MHOM/PT/1989/IMT163 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | VL/HIV+ | PT20(I) | MHOM/PT/2002/IMT293 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | 2. Episode of PT20(I) | PT21(I) | MHOM/PT/2003/IMT293-B | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | VCL/HIV+ | PT22(I) | MHOM/PT/2002/IMT294 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | VL/HIV+ | PT23(I) | MHOM/PT/2002/IMT296 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | VL/HIV+ | PT24(I) | MHOM/PT/2003/IMT299 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | VL/HIV+ | PT1(II) | MHOM/PT/2000/IMT262 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | 2. Episode of PT1(II) | PT2(II) | MHOM/PT/2000/IMT262-A | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | VL/HIV+ | PT3(II) | MHOM/PT/1993/IMT184 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | VL | PT4(II) | MHOM/PT/1988/IMT151 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | VCL/HIV+ | PT5(II) | MHOM/PT/2004/IMT362 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | VL/HIV+ | PT6(II) | MHOM/PT/2004/IMT364 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | CanL | PT10(II) | MCAN/PT/2003/IMT329 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | CanL | PT11(II) | MCAN/PT/2003/IMT331 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | CanL | PT12(II) | MCAN/PT/2003/IMT354 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 1 | fox | PT18(II) | VUL/PT/1982/IMT108 | 3 | |
| Lisbon-MRL | 80 | VL/HIV+ | PT25(I) | MHOM/PT/98/IMT238 | 4 | |
| France | Cévennes (2) | 1 | VL | INF-39 | MHOM/FR/78/LEM75 | 3 |
| (7) | Cévennes | 1 | CL | INF-42 | MHOM/FR/97/LSL29 | 3 |
| Côte d'Azur (1) | 1 | VL | INF-40 | MHOM/FR/95/LPN114 | 1 | |
| Provence | 108 | CanL | INF-35 | MCAN/FR/87/RM1 | 2 | |
| Pyrénées-Orientales | 29 | CL | INF-45 | MHOM/FR/96/LEM3249 | 4 | |
| Pyrénées-Orientales | 11 | CL | INF-47 | MHOM/FR/80/LEM189 | 4 | |
| unknown | n.d. | VL | INF-03 | MHOM/FR/62/LRC-L47 | 4 | |
| Italy | unknown | 228 | VL/HIV+ | INF-56 | MHOM/IT/94/ISS1036 | 4 |
| (2) | Sicily | 188 | VL/HIV+ | INF-57 | MHOM/IT/93/ISS800 | 4 |
| Malta | Malta | 78 | CL | INF-48 | MHOM/MT/85/BUCK | 4 |
| (1) | ||||||
| Greece | Crete (4) | 1 | VL | GR3 | MHOM/GR/2001/GH3 | 1 |
| (16) | Crete | 1 | VL | GR4 | MHOM/GR/2001/GH5 | 1 |
| Crete | 1 | CanL | GR14 | MCAN/GR/2001/GD7 | 1 | |
| Crete | 1 | VL | GR16 | MHOM/GR/2002/GH12 | 1 | |
| Crete | 98 | CanL | GR13 | MCAN/GR/2003/GD5 | 1 | |
| Crete | 98 | CanL | GR11 | MCAN/GR/2001/GD3 | 1 | |
| Crete | 98 | CanL | GR12 | MCAN/GR/2001/GD4 | 1 | |
| Crete | 98 | CanL | GR15 | MCAN/GR/2001/GD8 | 1 | |
| Athens (7) | 1 | VL | GR1 | MHOM/GR/2001/GH1 | 1 | |
| Athens | 1 | VL | GR2 | MHOM/GR/2001/GH2 | 1 | |
| Athens | 1 | VL 2. Episode of GR5 | GR7 | MHOM/GR/2001/GH8 | 1 | |
| Athens | 1 | VL | GR8 | MHOM/GR/2001/GH9 | 1 | |
| Athens | 1 | VCL/HIV+ | GR9 | MHOM/GR/2001/GH10 | 1 | |
| Athens | 1 | VL | GR10 | MHOM/GR/2001/GH11 | 1 | |
| Athens | 1 | VL | GR17 | MHOM/GR/1978/L4 | 3 | |
| Athens | 98 | VL | GR5 | MHOM/GR/2001/GH6 | 1 | |
| Turkey | unknown | n.d. | CanL | INF-10 | MCAN/TR/96/EP16 | 1 |
| (2) | unknown | n.d. | unknown | INF-11 | MHOM/TR/94/EP3 | 1 |
| Israel | unknown | n.d. | CanL | INF-12 | MCAN/IL/94/LRC-L639 | 1 |
| (2) | unknown | n.d. | CanL | INF-13 | MCAN/IL/96/LRC-L685 | 1 |
| Tunisia | unknown | 1 | VL | INF-01R | MHOM/TN/80/IPT1R | 1 |
| (1) |
a
VL-Visceral leishmaniasis, CL-Cutaneous leishmaniasis, VCL-Viscero-cutaneous leishmaniasis, CanL-Canine leishmaniasis;
b
Metropolitan Region of Lisbon;
R
WHO-reference strain; n.d. not defined.