Figure 1.

[Ca²⁺]_i transients evoked by chemokines and gp120s in hippocampal neurons. Chemokines that activate different CCRs (MDC, TARC, RANTES, MIP-1α, and I-309), CXCRs (IL-8 and SDF-1α), as well as CX₃CR1 (fractalkine) receptors were used for the times indicated by the bars (2–4 min). Representative traces from single neurons are shown in each panel. A total of 85 cells of 167 showed [Ca²⁺]_i increases when stimulated by hMDC (32 of 62 by mMDC). Nine of 34 neurons were responsive to TARC, 14 of 21 to RANTES, 12 of 19 to MIP-1α, 12 of 42 to I-309, 23 of 58 to fractalkine, 18 of 43 to IL-8, 21 of 44 to SDF-1α, 26 of 55 to HIV-1_IIIB gp120, and 9 of 23 to SIV_mac251 gp120.