Table 1.
Characteristics of all participants recruited at the STENO Diabetes Centera
| Characteristic | Healthy Controls(n = 30) | Normoalbuminuria(n = 30) | Microalbuminuria(n = 29) | Diabetic Nephropathy(n = 30) | P (Normo- versus Macroalbuminuria) | P (All Groups) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 51 (1.9) | 54 (2.0) | 56 (1.8) | 50 (1.6) | 0.120 | 0.070 |
| Gender (female/male; mean [SE]) | 7/23 | 7/23 | 7/22 | 7/23 | 0.990 | 0.990 |
| Diabetes duration (yr; mean [SE]) | – | 34 (1.9) | 35 (2.0) | 34 (2.0) | – | – |
| Diabetic retinopathy (nil/simple/proliferative) | – | 2/12/16 | 1/9/19 | 2/7/21 | 0.230 | 0.990 |
| Urinary albumin/creatinine (geometric mean [95% CI] | – | 5 (4 to 6) | 45 (32 to 63) | 765 (564 to 1036) | – | – |
| Systolic BP (mmHg; mean [SE]) | 133 (3) | 136 (3) | 148 (4) | 142 (4) | 0.280 | 0.020 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg; mean [SE]) | 80 (2) | 77 (2) | 75 (2) | 77 (2) | 0.980 | 0.240 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L; mean [SE]) | 5.6 (0.1) | 4.6 (0.2) | 4.9 (0.2) | 4.6 (0.2) | 0.370 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L; mean [SE]) | 97 (2) | 94 (2) | 94 (3) | 171 (15) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%; mean [SE]) | 5.4 (0.1) | 8.0 (0.2) | 8.9 (0.3) | 8.8 (0.2) | 0.0150 | <0.001 |