Figure 3. Cell morphology of control and ethanol-adapted yeast strain series.

The yeast cells obtained through the repetitive cultivation with a stepwise increase in the ethanol concentration were cultivated in the YPD medium and the cell morphology was observed. (A) Microscopic observation of cell morphologies of ethanol-adapted strain series A4 and non-adapted yeast strain (FY834). The bars in each photograph represent 25 µm. (B) Comparison of cell size between non-adapted strain and adapted strain series at mid-log phase. ML, the longest diameter of mother cell; MS, the shortest diameter of mother cell; DL, the longest diameter of daughter cell; DS, the shortest diameter of daughter cell. Data represent the average size of counted 50 cells with standard deviations.