Table 3.
| Type of Service |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Impatient | Outpatient | Skilled Nursing Facility | Home Health | Hospice | ||||||
| Variable | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- |
| Female | 1.20 | (1.07, 1.33) | 1.00 | (0.87, 1.15) | 1.34 | (1.23, 1.46) | 1.42 | (1.32, 1.53) | 1.14 | (1.06, 1.23) |
| Age Group | ||||||||||
| 68−74 | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- |
| 75−84 | 0.87 | (0.78, 0.98) | 0.83 | (0.71, 0.97) | 1.39 | (1.28, 1.52) | 1.08 | (1.00, 1.16) | 1.15 | (1.07, 1.24) |
| 85+ | 0.76 | (0.64, 0.90) | 0.55 | (0.45, 0.67) | 1.86 | (1.63, 2.12) | 1.07 | (0.95, 1.21) | 1.26 | (1.12, 1.42) |
| Race | ||||||||||
| White | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- |
| African- | 1.57 | (1.23, 2.01) | 0.77 | (0.60, 0.98) | 0.92 | (0.78, 1.09) | 1.11 | (0.96, 1.29) | 0.84 | (0.73, 0.97) |
| American | ||||||||||
| Comorbidity Count‡ | 2.11 | (2.01, 2.22) | 1.32 | (1.25, 1.39) | 1.33 | (1.29, 1.37) | 1.30 | (1.27, 1.34) | 0.80 | (0.78, 0.82) |
| Metastases | ||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- |
| Yes | 3.16 | (2.82, 3.53) | 2.12 | (1.84, 2.44) | 2.43 | (1.94, 3.04) | 2.83 | (2.47, 3.25) | 1.06 | (0.98, 1.13) |
| Enrolled in Medicaid | ||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- |
| Yes | 1.03 | (0.87, 1.22) | 0.95 | (0.77, 1.17) | 1.39 | (1.23, 1.56) | 0.96 | (0.86, 1.07) | 0.94 | (0.84, 1.05) |
| Geographic Region | ||||||||||
| Cosmopolitan | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- |
| Urban | 1.13 | (0.95, 1.34) | 1.54 | (1.20, 1.96) | 1.09 | (0.95, 1.24) | 1.12 | (0.99, 1.25) | 0.76 | (0.68, 0.85) |
| Rural | 1.22 | (1.03, 1.44) | 1.76 | (1.38, 2.24) | 1.12 | (0.99, 1.27) | 1.15 | (1.03, 1.29) | 0.66 | (0.59, 0.73) |
| Area Income | ||||||||||
| <$20,000 | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- |
| $20−35,000 | 0.92 | (0.80, 1.07) | 1.13 | (0.94, 1.36) | 1.00 | (0.90, 1.11) | 0.99 | (0.90, 1.10) | 1.06 | (0.96, 1.17) |
| >$35,000 | 0.82 | (0.68, 0.98) | 1.04 | (0.83, 1.29) | 0.93 | (0.81, 1.07) | 1.19 | (1.06, 1.34) | 1.07 | (0.96, 1.21) |
| Duration of Illness§ | 0.99 | (0.98, 1.00) | 1.05 | (1.04, 1.07) | 1.01 | (1.00, 1.01) | 1.02 | (1.01, 1.02) | 1.01 | (1.00, 1.02) |
| Incident Cancer | ||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- |
| Yes | 1.54 | (1.25, 1.89) | 1.64 | (1.22, 2.21) | 1.37 | (1.15, 1.64) | 1.43 | (1.22, 1.67) | 1.03 | (0.89, 1.19) |
| Physician Supply∥ | 1.06 | (1.03, 1.09) | 0.96 | (0.94, 0.99) | 0.98 | (0.96, 1.00) | 1.03 | (1.01, 1.05) | 0.95 | (0.93, 0.97) |
| SNF Bed Supply¶ | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1.01 | (1.01, 1.01) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Used Prior Years | ||||||||||
| No | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | -- | -- |
| Yes | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1.47 | (1.35, 1.60) | 1.58 | (1.47, 1.70) | -- | -- |
*
Odds ratio presented along with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI).
†
Most decedents used physician services and therefore no analyses could be conducted reliably for this service outcome.
‡
Range: 0−13.
§
Duration measured in months.
∥
Physicians per 1000 population 65+.
¶
SNF beds per 1000 population 65+.