Table 4.

Linear Regression of Mean Medicare Expenditures Overall and by Type of Service^*,^†

	Type of Expenditure
	Total Expenditures		Inpatient		Outpatient		Physician		Skilled Nursing Facility		Home Health		Hospice
Variable	Coeff	p-value	Coeff	p-value	Coeff	p-value	Coeff	p-value	Coeff	p-value	Coeff	p-value	Coeff	p-value
Intercept	7149	<.001	4796	<.001	1011	<.001	3102	<.001	3632	<.001	1187	0.002	4895	<.001
	(1129)		(1035)		(182)		(316)		(690)		(377)		(487)
Female	1882	<.001	556	0.104	−216	0.001	−496	<.001	722	0.001	898	<.001	831	<.001
	(384)		(343)		(62)		(107)		(220)		(126)		(167)
Black	3624	<.001	3912	<.001	−103	0.409	−655	0.002	−302	0.487	838	0.001	376	0.291
	(764)		(668)		(125)		(214)		(433)		(247)		(356)
Age 75−84‡	−3424	<.001	−2834	<.001	−645	<.001	−1286	<.001	−48	0.840	525	<.001	766	<.001
	(401)		(357)		(64)		(112)		(240)		(133)		(178)
Age 85+‡	−8487	<.001	−7073	<.001	−1427	<.001	−3222	<.001	552	0.112	812	<.001	1826	<.001
	(638)		(578)		(105)		(179)		(347)		(213)		(277)
Comorbidity Count§	4974	<.001	3249	<.001	6	0.759	635	<.001	559	<.001	461	<.001	−456	<.001
	(126)		(114)		(20)		(35)		(71)		(41)		(58)
Metastases Present	6318	<.001	1559	<.001	923	<.001	2474	<.001	66	0.770	−178	0.166	−1843	<.001
	(382)		(344)		(62)		(107)		(226)		(128)		(169)
Medicaid	540	0.353	289	0.574	−325	0.001	−1299	<.001	1153	<.001	813	<.001	1622	<.001
	(581)		(514)		(94)		(162)		(300)		(189)		(264)
Urban∥	−2162	<.001	−1066	0.052	180	0.066	−874	<.001	−930	0.008	33	0.873	−504	0.065
	(614)		(548)		(98)		(172)		(350)		(205)		(273)
Rural∥	−2631	<.001	−689	0.168	234	0.012	−1492	<.001	−2103	<.001	−13	0.946	−390	0.143
	(587)		(523)		(94)		(164)		(332)		(195)		(267)
Income $20−35,000¶	−1097	0.031	−598	0.185	235	0.004	−289	0.042	−205	0.474	−662	<.001	−211	0.352
	(508)		(451)		(82)		(142)		(286)		(170)		(227)
Income >$35,000¶	1023	0.103	777	0.166	521	<.001	485	0.006	−96	0.790	−762	<.001	1	0.997
	(627)		(561)		(101)		(176)		(359)		(207)		(275)
Illness Duration**	398	<.001	149	<.001	49	<.001	112	<.001	77	<.001	47	<.001	153	<.001
	(36)		(33)		(6)		(10)		(21)		(12)		(16)
Incident Cancer	6747	<.001	4120	<.001	686	<.001	1686	<.001	843	0.075	151	0.543	31	0.926
	(788)		(722)		(125)		(220)		(472)		(247)		(333)
Physician Supply††	815	<.001	803	<.001	94	<.001	29	0.266	75	0.164	13	0.655	−37	0.371
	(93)		(82)		(15)		(26)		(54)		(29)		(42)

^*The relationship between the variables of interest and expenditures are estimated using least squares regression; coefficients, standard errors (in italics) and p-values are presented.

^†Models of expenditures conditional on use of service.

^‡Reference: Age 65 to 74

^§Range: 0−14

^∥Reference: Cosmopolitan

^¶Reference: Income <$20,000

^**Duration measured in months

^††Physicians per 1000 population 65+