Table 4.
Risk of death and myocardial infarction in relation to the quartiles of resting heart rate
| 7-year Follow-up | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Events, n (%) | HR (95% CI)1 | HR (95% CI) 2 | |
| Sudden Death | |||
| I (< 65) | 27 (0.9%) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| II (65–71) | 41 (1.2%) | 1.42 (0.87 – 2.3) | 1.32 (0.81 – 2.14) |
| III (72–79) | 38 (1.1%) | 1.31 (0.80 – 2.14) | 1.22 (0.74 – 2.01) |
| IV (≥80) | 47 (1.5%) | 1.72 (1.07 – 2.77) | 1.50 (0.93 – 2.42) |
| Beta (P-value)3 | 0.015 (0.02) | 0.011 (0.09) | |
| Fatal/Non-Fatal MI | |||
| I (< 65) | 170 (5.7%) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| II (65–71) | 239 (7.2%) | 1.30 (1.07 – 1.59) | 1.22 (1.00 – 1.48) |
| III (72–79) | 205 (6.1%) | 1.11 (0.90 – 1.36) | 1.04 (0.84 – 1.27) |
| IV (≥80) | 210 (6.7%) | 1.21 (0.99 – 1.48) | 1.11 (0.91 – 1.37) |
| Beta (P-value)3 | 0.005 (0.10) | 0.003 (0.37) | |
| 25-year Follow-up | |||
| CHD Death | |||
| I (< 65) | 376 (12.6%) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| II (65–71) | 404 (12.2%) | 0.01 (0.88 – 1.17) | 0.94 (0.82 – 1.09) |
| III (72–79) | 397 (11.8%) | 0.99 (0.86 – 1.14) | 0.92 (0.80 – 1.07) |
| IV (≥80) | 409 (13.0%) | 1.13 (0.98 – 1.30) | 1.01 (0.88 – 1.17) |
| Beta (P-value)3 | 0.004 (0.04) | 0.001 (0.60) | |
| Death All-causes | |||
| I (< 65) | 1041 (34.8%) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| II (65–71) | 1170 (35.4%) | 1.06 (0.98 – 1.16) | 1.02 (0.94 – 1.11) |
| III (72–79) | 1187 (35.2%) | 1.08 (0.99 – 1.17) | 1.02 (0.94 – 1.11) |
| IV (≥80) | 1244 (39.5%) | 1.25 (1.16 – 1.36) | 1.17 (1.07 – 1.27) |
| Beta (P-value)3 | 0.007 (0.000) | 0.005 (0.001) | |
Abbreviations: CHD: coronary heart disease; HR: Hazard ratio estimated from Cox-regression MI: myocardial infarction
1
Univariate analyses (age stratification only)
2
Multivariate analyses adjusted for age, cigarettes smoked per day, systolic blood pressure, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, body mass index fasting glucose, race, and parental history of CHD.
3
From model using heart rate as a continuous variable
All analyses were stratified by age categories