Fig. 2.

Single pulse TMS was applied to hand and leg motor cortex 150 ms after onset of visually presented action-words (hand- and leg-related) that were interspersed with pseudowords. Subjects had to respond to words only with a brisk mouth movement that was recorded using EMG electrodes attached to the lips. These lexical decision responses were faster for arm-related words when left hand motor cortex was stimulated, and faster for leg-related words during left leg motor cortex stimulation. Data from Pulvermüller and Hauk et al. (2005a).