. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Bone. 2008 Jan 26;42(5):942–949. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.01.004

Table 1.

Time-zero crack parameters of loaded (Right) ulnae measured using microCT (mean ± SD; n=7–11/group). The displacement groups were determined as a percentage of the average displacement to fracture (2.32 mm). Each displacement group had examples of ulna with a visible crack, although no group had a visible crack in every ulna.

Displacement Group	Loading Time (min)	Visible crack (% of ulnae)	Crack extent (mm)	Cr.L.D (mm/mm²)	Cr.N.D. (#/mm²)	Crack midpoint¹ (mm)
20%	1.05 ± 0.6	22	0.34 ± 0.19	0.32^* ± 0.03	0.62^* ± 0.04	0.30 ± 1.01
30%	6.65 ± 9.9	33	0.74^* ± 0.38	0.47^* ± 0.15	0.60^* ± 0.03	0.02 ± 0.40
40%	19.33 ± 25.3	44	1.07^* ± 0.66	0.58^* ± 0.11	0.62^* ± 0.07	0.08 ± 0.97
50%	54.21^z ± 65.8	45	0.52 ± 0.32	0.33^*^c ± 0.09	0.60^* ± 0.06	0.29 ± 1.21
60%	17.49 ± 18.1	66	0.58 ± 0.29	0.54^*^d ± 0.19	0.64^* ± 0.05	0.64 ± 0.80
70%	17.78 ± 15.8	56	0.92^* ± 0.31	0.64^*^a ^d ± 0.11	0.61^* ± 0.07	−0.52^e 0.82
80%	10.04 ± 10.9	71	1.18^*^a ^d ^e ± 0.43	0.75^*^a ^b ^d ^e ± 0.11	0.76^*^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ± 0.08	0.21 ± 0.93
90%	9.19 ± 14.2	56	1.32^*^a ^d ^e ± 0.61	0.74^*^a ^b ^d ^e ± 0.26	0.78^*^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ± 0.17	−0.21 ± 0.78

P<0.05:

vs. zero;

vs. 20%;

vs. 30%;

vs. 40%;

vs. 50%;

vs. 60%;

vs. 70%;

vs. all displacement groups

The crack midpoint was measured in the distal direction from the midpoint of the ulna; negative midpoint values are proximal to the ulna midpoint.