Table 1.

Neglected femoral neck fracture in young adults – a comparison of the literature.

Study	Total	Age <60	Neglect	Method	AVN	Non-union	“Good” functional outcome (percentage; method)
Internal fixation alone
*Lifeso & Young4	28	18	18	Undisplaced → Open reduction internal fixation alone (3 cases)	33%	33%	33% subjective
Internal fixation + osteotomy
McMurray5	27	24	24	Osteotomy	-	-
Zinghi et a21	34	NA	34	Osteotomy (Pauwells or Putti)	6%	0
*Lifeso & Young4	28	18	18	Displaced → valgus osteotomy (6 cases)	17%	0	50% subjective
Kalra & Anand16	20	20	20	Valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy	10%	15%	75% Askin & Byran
Internal fixation + osteotomy + bone graft
Stewart & Wells7	100	49	49	Osteotomy + internal fixation	?	45%	35% subjective
	12	NA	12	Osteotomy + internal fixation + bone graft	42%	0
Huang3	16	16	16	Closed reduction + osteotomy (3 cases) Closed reduction + cortical bone graft (5 cases) Closed reduction + osteotomy + bone graft (8 cases)	25%	0	81% Askin & Byran
Non vascularized bone graft
Henderson8	77	72	?72	Closed reduction/open reduction + bone graft (22 tibial, 55 fibular)	-	28%
Inclan9	134	47	?47	Closed reduction + Smith-Peterson nail + bone graft	?	?	82% subjective
Patrick10	47	15	6	Closed reduction + Smith-Peterson nail + bone graft fibula	33%	17%	?
Bonfiglio & Voke11	77	NA	NA	Closed reduction + pins + Phemister	?	?	80% subjective
Dooley12 & Hooper	26	14	6	Open reduction/closed reduction + internal fixation + bone graft + osteotomy (2 cases) Closed reduction internal fixation + bone graft (4 cases)	50% 75%	0 0
Snyder et al37	1	1	1	Open reduction internal fixation + fibular graft	0	0
Nagi et al34	17	17	16	Open reduction internal fixation + fibular graft	12%	0	75% Ratliff
Slater et al38	1	1	1	Closed reduction + screws + free fibular graft	0	0	100% subjective
Mishra35	25	25	15	Open reduction internal fixation + fibular graft	?	7%	“fairly satisfactory function”
Nagi et al5	40	40	40	Open reduction internal fixation + fibular graft	12%	5%	70% subjective
Sandhu et al13	197	178	178	168 closed reduction internal fixation + fibular graft 3 open reduction + bone muscle pedicle graft 7 abdominal osteotomy + dynamic hip screw	6.5%	12%
Roshan & Ram14	32	32	32	Open reduction internal fixation + fibular graft	0	9%	90% Harris hip score
Vascularized bone graft
Meyers et al6	32	23	12	Open reduction internal fixation + muscle pedicle graft	?	40%
Baksi32	56	53	53	Internal fixation + muscle pedicle bone graft	67%	11%	82% subjective
Hou et al2	5	5	5	Open reduction internal fixation + pedicle iliac bone graft	0	0	100% subjective
Leung & Shen33	15	15	8	Open reduction internal fixation + pedicle iliac bone graft	0	0	?
Hip arthroplasty
*Lifeso & Young4	28	18	18	Age >40 total hip replacement (19 cases)	-	-	78% subjective

* Same report.

AVN, avascular necrosis; NA, not available: age distribution did not specify proportion of patients <60 years.