Table 1.

Cases of Pasung on Samosir Island

Case Number	Male/Female	Age (Years)	Diagnosis	Duration of illness (years)	Previous psychiatric treatment (Yes/No)	Type of pasung	Duration in pasung (years)	Initiator	Reason for pasung	Released? (Yes/No)
1	M	56	Depression, post-schizophrenia	>25	yes	wooden stocks	21	Family and community	History of violence; treatment not affordable	yes
2	M	26	Schizophrenia	5	yes	confined in a small room	5	Family	Treatment not affordable; fear of violence	yes
3	M	28	Schizophrenia and suspected mild mental retardation	10	yes	tied with rope	10	Family	Treatment not affordable; fear of violence; fear that he will get lost and come to harm	yes
4	M	27	Schizophrenia	12	no	chained	10	Family and community	Setting fire to family house and church; history of violence; considered dangerous	no
5	F	45	Schizophrenia	>15	no	confined in a small room	4	family	Fear that she will run away and come to harm	yes
6	F	55	Schizophrenia	10	yes	confined in a small room	2	family-her children	Treatment not affordable; fear that she will run away; fear of possibility of suicide	yes
7	F	41	Schizophrenia	16	no	tied with rope	16	family	Treatment not affordable; fear that she will run away and come to harm; inappropriate sexual behaviour; no-one to look after her	yes
8	F	32	Schizophrenia	5	yes	confined in a small room	3	family	Treatment not affordable; fear that she will run away and come to harm; no-one to look after her	yes
9	M	27	Schizophrenia	3	yes	confined in a small room	2	family	History of violence; treatment not affordable; no-one to look after him	yes
10	M	25	Schizophrenia	5	no	confined in a small room	5	family	History of violence	yes
11	F	25	Schizoaffective disorder	5	no	confined in a small stall in the rice-field	5	family	Treatment not affordable; fear that she will run away and come to harm; wasting money; inappropriate sexual behaviour	yes
12	F	56	Temporal lobe epilepsy with interictal hallucinations and personality change	>20	yes	tied with rope	15	family	History of violence; treatment not affordable; fear that she will come to harm; no-one to look after her	yes, temporary
13	F	55	Dementia of unknown aetiology with behavioural disturbance	5	yes	tied with rope	5	family	Treatment not affordable; fear that she will come to harm and come to harm through accident; no-one to look after her	yes, temporary
14	M	26	Schizophrenia and suspected mild mental retardation	5	no	wooden stocks	3	family	History of violence; considered to be dangerous to others; no-one to look after him; treatment not affordable	yes
15	M	35	Schizophrenia	15	yes	wooden stocks	6	Family and community	History of violence; considered to be dangerous to others, no-one is willing to look after him; refuses treatment	no