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Structure of the GPI anchors from animals, protozoa, and yeast. The GPI anchor core is conserved, but may carry additional substituents (R groups). Where present, R1 is usually α-Man, R2 is ethanolamine phosphate, R3 can be mono-, oligo-, poly-saccharides, or ethanolamine phosphate, and R4 is palmitate. The lipid can be a diacyl-, lysoacyl-, alkylacyl-, or lysoalkyl-glycerol or a ceramide (19).
