Table 2.
Descriptive Statistics of State-Level Measures
| State-Level Measure | Valid n | Mean | Standard Deviation | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % of Medicaid enrollees in managed care | 51 | 60.01 | 22.47 | 0 | 100 |
| Medicaid enrollees per capita | 51 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 |
| Medicaid benefits for rehab—copay required | 51 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0 | 1 |
| Medicaid benefits for rehab—SA limitations | 51 | 0.61 | 0.68 | 0 | 2 |
| Medicaid prescription drugs coverage limitations—quantity supplied | 51 | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
| Medicaid prescription drugs—other coverage limitations | 51 | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
| Medicaid policy: state preferred drug list | 48 | 0.57 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
| Medicaid policy: number of refills limited | 48 | 0.54 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
| Medicaid policy: fail first requirement | 48 | 0.60 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 |
| Medicaid policy: lower generic copays | 48 | 0.38 | 0.48 | 0 | 1 |
| Medicaid policy: generic rate paid for brand | 48 | 0.62 | 0.48 | 0 | 1 |
| Medicaid policy: generics on PDL/formulary | 48 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0 | 1 |
| Capitated/MCO delivers Medicaid benefits | 47 | 0.88 | 0.32 | 0 | 1 |
| State includes Rx cost in MCO capitation rate | 47 | 0.70 | 0.46 | 0 | 1 |
| State permits MCO/PCCM to set policies regarding formulary/PDL | 47 | 0.72 | 0.45 | 0 | 1 |
| State permits MCO/PCCM to set policies regarding prior authorization | 47 | 0.72 | 0.45 | 0 | 1 |
| State permits MCO/PCCM to set policies encouraging generics | 47 | 0.66 | 0.47 | 0 | 1 |
| State permits MCO/PCCM to set policies restricting access to pharm network | 47 | 0.38 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 |
| Medicaid policy: MCO delivers Rx | 47 | 0.66 | 0.47 | 0 | 1 |
| Federal Medicaid assistance % (2002) | 51 | 56.67 | 7.09 | 50 | 76 |
| Medicaid benefits fee for service delivery | 47 | 0.77 | 0.42 | 0 | 1 |
| State discretionary funding for substance abuse treatment (per capita) | 48 | 0.96 | 1.65 | 0 | 22 |
| Substance abuse prevention and treatment block grant funding per capita | 48 | 5.75 | 0.92 | 4 | 12 |
| State discretionary funding for substance abuse prevention (per capita) | 48 | 0.56 | 0.90 | 0 | 9 |
| Number of state health care and public assistance firms per capita | 51 | 2.51 | 0.26 | 2 | 4 |
| % counties w/no primary care physician shortage | 51 | 23.74 | 16.41 | 0 | 68 |
| % counties w/no MH professional shortage | 51 | 47.72 | 23.54 | 0 | 100 |
| State public welfare expenditures per capita | 51 | 0.22 | 0.35 | 0 | 3 |
| % ages 26+ w/alcohol abuse/dependence | 51 | 6.19 | 0.80 | 5 | 8 |
| % ages 26+ needing but not receiving treatment for alcohol problems in past year | 51 | 5.78 | 0.75 | 4 | 8 |
| State population median age | 51 | 36.14 | 1.93 | 28 | 40 |
| % of state population in poverty, 2002–2004 average | 51 | 12.02 | 2.51 | 6 | 19 |
| % of households with cash assistance income | 51 | 2.67 | 0.86 | 1 | 8 |
| Employment—population ratio | 51 | 62.48 | 3.34 | 51 | 71 |
| Mean number of weeks worked (past 12 months) | 51 | 44.21 | 0.55 | 42 | 45 |
| Unemployment rate (2003) | 51 | 6.01 | 0.89 | 4 | 8 |
| % of state population with high school education | 51 | 84.14 | 3.62 | 77 | 91 |
| % of state population uninsured, 2002–2004 average | 51 | 14.95 | 3.65 | 8 | 25 |
| State health care expenditures per capita | 50 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0 | 1 |
| State hospital expenditures per capita | 50 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 |
Data sources: Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), National Conference on State Legislatures, Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Center for Health Workforce Analysis, U.S. Census Bureau, Clinical Trials Network, National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the PhRMA Pharmaceutical Industry Profile.
MCO, managed care organization; PCCM, primary care case management.