Table 1.
Characteristics | Men (%) | Women (%) |
---|---|---|
Baseline sample size | N = 1,430 | N = 1,423 |
Full-time workers | 88.9 | 71.5 |
Part-time workers | 7.3 | 24.0 |
Unemployed | 3.8 | 4.5 |
Person-wave observations | N = 4,552 | N = 4,418 |
Age (years) | ||
55–56 | 12.5 | 12.8 |
57–58 | 22.0 | 21.3 |
59–60 | 27.1 | 27.4 |
61–62 | 23.0 | 22.1 |
63–64 | 11.2 | 11.8 |
65–66 | 4.1 | 4.4 |
Race/ethnicity | ||
White | 83.8 | 80.8 |
Black | 7.2 | 11.4 |
Hispanic | 6.6 | 6.0 |
Other | 2.4 | 1.9 |
Marital status | ||
Married | 86.5 | 63.5 |
Single | 9.4 | 21.5 |
Divorce/separated | 2.5 | 3.9 |
Widow | 1.5 | 11.1 |
Education | ||
High school dropout | 16.6 | 14.6 |
High school graduate | 35.7 | 42.0 |
Some college | 21.8 | 23.5 |
College graduate | 25.9 | 19.9 |
Medical conditions | ||
Cancer | 3.8 | 8.3 |
Stroke | 2.0 | 1.4 |
Diabetes | 9.9 | 6.7 |
Arthritis | 33.5 | 44.2 |
Hypertension | 37.9 | 33.5 |
Chronic lung disease | 5.1 | 5.3 |
Heart disease | 13.5 | 7.2 |
Activity of daily living limitations | ||
0 | 96.3 | 96.0 |
1 or more | 3.7 | 4.0 |
Instrumental activity of daily living limitations | ||
0 | 97.0 | 97.6 |
1 or more | 3.0 | 2.4 |
Housing value | ||
$0 or less | 15.3 | 18.6 |
$1–$50 k | 27.8 | 28.0 |
$50 k–$150 k | 44.4 | 40.8 |
More than $150 k | 12.5 | 12.6 |
Nonhousing value | ||
Less than 0 | 4.5 | 5.2 |
$0–$10 k | 15.0 | 20.5 |
$10 k–$50 k | 25.1 | 24.1 |
$50 k–$100 k | 17.5 | 15.1 |
$100 k–$200 k | 15.5 | 14.6 |
More than $200 k | 22.4 | 20.5 |
Weekly wage, % | ||
$300 or less | 16.8 | 38.7 |
$300–$500 | 18.4 | 29.1 |
$500–$800 | 26.3 | 19.7 |
$800–$1,500 | 29.5 | 10.6 |
More than $1,500 | 9.0 | 1.9 |
Health insurance benefits* | ||
ESHI with RHI | 48.4 | 32.8 |
ESHI without RHI | 29.9 | 27.1 |
Other HI, No ESHI (with RHI) | 6.8 | 15.6 |
Other HI, No ESHI (without RHI) | 8.9 | 15.5 |
No HI | 6.1 | 8.9 |
Social security eligibility | ||
Yes | 85.3 | 73.3 |
No | 4.7 | 6.7 |
Type of pension availability | ||
Defined benefits | 27.3 | 27.9 |
Defined contribution | 24.5 | 22.3 |
Defined benefits and contribution | 25.2 | 14.6 |
None/unknown | 23.0 | 35.2 |
Note
ESHI, employer-sponsored health insurance; RHI, retiree health insurance; HI, health insurance.