Figure 4.

(a) Regional gray matter loss in OSAS patients. VBM results in OSAS patients revealed gray matter loss limited to the left hippocampus⁸⁰ or extending to regions involved in cognitive functions and motor regulation of the upper airway.⁷⁹ (b) Task-related activation in OSAS patients. Functional MRI in OSAS patients during a 2-back working memory task was associated with reduced dorsolateral prefrontal activity,⁸⁷ while verbal learning was associated with increases in frontal cortex, thalamus and cerebellum.⁸⁸ 1 = left anterior cingulate cortex, 2 = posterior lateral parietal cortex, 3 = inferior temporal gyrus, 4 = parahippocampal gyrus, 5 = right quadrangular lobule, 6 = left hippocampus, 7 = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, 8 = inferior/middle frontal, 9 = thalamus, 10 = cingulate gyrus, 11 = cerebellum.