Table 3.
Daytime Symptoms, Functioning, and Associated Consequences for Good Sleepers at Baseline and the Participants with Insomnia at Baseline and at the 1-Year Follow-Up
| Baseline |
1-Year Follow-Up Insomnia (n = 151) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Good sleepera (n = 1,114) | Insomnia (n = 169) | ||
| Concentration problems (1–4) | 1.7 (0.8) | 2.6 (0.8) | 2.7 (0.9) |
| Memory problems (1–4) | 1.7 (0.7) | 2.5 (0.9) | 2.5 (0.9) |
| Headache (1–4) | 1.6 (0.7) | 2.5 (1.0) | 2.5 (1.1) |
| Low energy (1–4) | 1.8 (0.7) | 2.5 (0.9) | 2.7 (0.9) |
| Tiredness (1–4) | 2.0 (0.8) | 2.9 (0.9) | 3.0 (0.9) |
| Aching muscles (1–4) | 1.5 (0.8) | 2.4 (1.2) | 2.4 (1.1) |
| Tenseness (1–4) | 1.5 (0.9) | 2.5 (1.0) | 2.6 (1.0) |
| Sleepiness (1–4) | 1.9 (0.7) | 2.7 (0.9) | 2.7 (1.0) |
| Irritation (1–4) | 1.7 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.6 (0.9) |
| Low mood (1–4) | 1.6 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.9) | 2.5 (0.8) |
| Occupational functioning (1–5) | 1.8 (1.5) | 2.8 (1.5) | 3.0 (1.3) |
| Leisure functioning (1–5) | 1.9 (1.6) | 2.8 (1.5) | 3.1 (1.3) |
| Social functioning (1–5) | 2.0 (1.6) | 2.9 (1.4) | 3.2 (1.2) |
| Sick leave (yes) | 0% | 8% | 10% |
| Health care consumption (yes) | 0% | 15% | 16% |
| Sleep medication (yes) | 0% | 16% | 18% |
All ratings were on a 3-month interval. Means are presented with standard deviations in parenthesis. Response alternatives for the daytime symptoms: not at all = 1, somewhat = 2, relatively large = 3, and very large = 4. Response alternatives for the functional domains: no negative consequences = 1, small negative consequences = 2, marked negative consequences = 3, large negative consequences = 4, and very large negative consequences = 5. aResponse “no” on the baseline question “Have you had problems sleeping during the past 3 months?”