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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2007 Aug 23;448(7156):894–900. doi: 10.1038/nature06104

Figure 1. Facial lesions, excessive grooming and anxiety-like behaviors in SAPAP3 mutant mice.

Figure 1

a, SAPAP3-/- mice have facial and neck skin lesions (arrows). b, c, SAPAP3-/- mice (KO) showed more grooming bouts (b) and spent more time in self-grooming (c) than wildtype mice (WT) at all times examined. d, Pre-lesion and post-lesion groups of SAPAP3-/- mice showed similar degrees of increased grooming. e,f, In the open field test, SAPAP3-/- mice spent less time in the center (e), whereas locomotion along the perimeter was comparable to wildtype controls (f). g-i, In the dark-light emergence test, SAPAP3-/- mice took longer to cross from the dark to the brightly lit chamber (g) and spent less time in the brightly lit chamber (h), while total activity in both chambers was similar (i). j-l, In the elevated zero maze, SAPAP3-/- mice took longer to cross into the open areas (j) and spent less time in these areas than wildtype controls (k), while total activity in both open and closed areas was similar (l). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, repeated measures ANOVA for b-e and two-tailed t-test for f-l; all data are presented as means ± SEM from 8-9 mice per genotype, Cohen’s kappa for intra-observer agreement exceeded 0.92.