Table 2.
Combination of anticancer drugs with PPARγ ligands enhances tumor cell death.
| PPARγ agonist + antitumor agent | PPARγ | Tumor type | Molecular mediator(s) of apoptosis | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troglitazone or ciglitazone or GW1929 + TRAIL | Independent | Lung | DR5, c-FLIP | [34] |
| 15d-PGJ2 + TRAIL | Independent | Leukemia, prostate | DR5 | [47] |
| Troglitazone + TRAIL | Independent | Glioblastoma, neuroblastoma | c-FLIP, survivin, DR5 | [52] |
| Rosiglitazone + TRAIL | Independent | Renal, glioma, breast, prostate | ROS, DR5, c-FLIP | [49] |
| 15d-PGJ2 or ciglitazone or troglitazone or CDDO or CDDO-Me + TRAIL | Independent | Prostate, ovarian, colon | c-FLIP | [50] |
| Troglitazone + TRAIL or troglitazone + etoposide or paclitaxel | Independent | Glioma | PTP1B, STAT3, c-FLIP, Bcl-2 | [53] |
| 15d-PGJ2 + MK886 | Dependent | Lung | PPARγ, RXRα | [54] |
| 15d-PGJ2 + Indomethacin | ||||
| Ciglitazone + MK886 + 13-cis-retinoic acid | ||||
| Rosiglitazone + LG100268 or all transretinoic acid | Dependent and independent | Leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma | Bcl-2, caspase-9 | [55] |
| 15d-PGJ2 + LG100268 or all trans-retinoic acid | ||||
| CDDO + LG100268 or all transretinoic acid | ||||
| Rosiglitazone + carboplatin | Dependent | Lung, ovarian, colon | MT1H, MT1X, MTIIA | [56] |
| TZD18 + imatinib | Independent | Leukemia | Bax, NF-κB | [57, 58] |
| RS5444 + paclitaxel | Dependent | Thyroid | p21WAF1/CIP1 | [59] |
| 15dPGJ2 + docetaxel | Independent | Lung | Bcl-2, BAD, cyclin D1, p53 | [60] |