Figure 4.

Phenotypic data reveals complex functional relationships between duplicated ribosomal protein genes. (A) Hierarchical clustering analysis of phenotypic data by ribosomal protein (vertical axis) and phenotype (horizontal axis). Although many ribosomal proteins shared some phenotypes, no two proteins are required for the same set of processes, and different groups are required for each process. (B) Paralogous ribosomal proteins are not phenotypically similar. Rpl2a and Rpl2b cluster with completely different groups of genes, as indicated by the shaded boxes that correspond to (A). (C) Paralogous ribosomal proteins share no more phenotypes than non-paralogous genes. The number of shared phenotypes between all combinations of duplicated ribosomal protein genes was calculated and sorted into paralogous or non-paralogous relationships. Normalized values are displayed. (D) Phenotypic effects are not determined by expression level. mRNA expression levels of all duplicated ribosomal protein genes from transcriptional profiling data was used to determine the relative contribution of each paralog. Genes were sorted into “higher” or “lower” based on whether they contributed more or less than half of the mRNA, respectively. Error bars represent standard deviations.