Table 2.
Verbal Memory Performance
| PTSD+/ETOH+ (n = 30) |
PTSD+/ETOH− (n = 37) |
PTSD−/ETOH+ (n = 30) |
PTSD−/ETOH− (n = 31) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | F | p | Significant contrasts (Bonferroni alpha = .019) |
| CVLT Trials 1−5 | 44.50 | 11.29 | 46.49 | 10.20 | 52.30 | 9.90 | 52.26 | 9.36 | |||
| Main effect for PTSD | F(3, 121) = 7.863 | .006 | PTSD+ < PTSD− | ||||||||
| Main effect for ETOH | F(3, 121) = 0.089 | .766 | |||||||||
| Interactive effect | F(3, 121) = 0.349 | .556 | |||||||||
| CVLT Trial 1 | 5.93 | 1.89 | 5.84 | 1.89 | 7.00 | 1.68 | 7.55 | 1.82 | |||
| Main effect for PTSD | F(3, 121) = 12.91 | .000 | PTSD+ < PTSD− | ||||||||
| Main effect for ETOH | F(3, 121) = 0.219 | .641 | |||||||||
| Interactive effect | F(3, 121) = 1.14 | .288 | |||||||||
| CVLT Long-Delay Free Recall | 9.70 | 3.34 | 10.92 | 2.63 | 11.37 | 2.71 | 11.10 | 2.84 | None | ||
| Main effect for PTSD | F(3, 121) = 0.710 | .401 | |||||||||
| Main effect for ETOH | F(3, 121) = 0.058 | .810 | |||||||||
| Interactive effect | F(3, 121) = 2.36 | .127 | |||||||||
| WMS—III Logical Memory I Recall | 46.58 | 9.40 | 45.34 | 10.20 | 49.37 | 9.20 | 49.68 | 8.00 | None | ||
| Main effect for PTSD | F(3, 112) = 0.416 | .520 | |||||||||
| Main effect for ETOH | F(3, 112) = 1.65 | .201 | |||||||||
| Interactive effect | F(3, 112) = 0.232 | .631 | |||||||||
| WMS—III Logical Memory II Recall | 30.38 | 6.96 | 27.91 | 7.73 | 32.07 | 6.40 | 32.81 | 5.77 | None | ||
| Main effect for PTSD | F(3, 112) = 1.397 | .240 | |||||||||
| Main effect for ETOH | F(3, 112) = 4.743 | .032 | |||||||||
| Interactive effect | F(3, 112) = 1.988 | .161 | |||||||||
| WMS—III Logical Memory % Retention | 89.04 | 7.10 | 85.16 | 10.30 | 91.33 | 8.40 | 91.35 | 6.50 | None | ||
| Main effect for PTSD | F(3, 112) = 4.954 | .028 | |||||||||
| Main effect for ETOH | F(3, 112) = 3.462 | .065 | |||||||||
| Interactive effect | F(3, 112) = 1.509 | .222 | |||||||||
Note. All scores are raw scores. All analysis of covariance covaried for education, WAIS—III Vocabulary raw score, and SCL-90-R Depression residualized score. PTSD+ = current diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); PTSD− = no history of diagnosis of PTSD; ETOH = ethanol, or alcohol; ETOH+ = diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence in the past 5 years; ETOH− = no diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence in the past 5 years; CVLT = California Verbal Learning Test; WMS—III = Wechsler Memory Scale—Third Edition; WAIS—III = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Third Edition.