Table 4.

Visual—Spatial and Visual Memory Performance

	PTSD+/ETOH+ (n = 30)		PTSD+/ETOH− (n = 37)		PTSD−/ETOH+ (n = 30)		PTSD−/ETOH− (n = 31)
Test	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	F	p	Significant contrasts (Bonferroni alpha = .028)
WMS—III Visual
Immediate Index	17.33	4.80	20.59	3.70	18.73	4.10	20.55	14.90
Main effect for PTSD									F(3, 121) = 0.005	.946
Main effect for ETOH									F(3, 121) = 6.411	.013	ETOH+ < ETOH−
Interactive effect									F(3, 121) = 0.576	.449
WMS—III Visual
Delayed Index	18.10	4.70	20.59	4.30	18.50	3.90	20.77	4.70			None
Main effect for PTSD									F(3, 121) = 1.031	.312
Main effect for ETOH									F(3, 121) = 4.218	.042
Interactive effect									F(3, 121) = 0.001	.979
WAIS—III Block Design	38.73	11.52	38.11	11.22	41.33	12.08	41.61	12.08
Main effect for PTSD									F(3, 121) = 0.304	.583	None
Main effect for ETOH									F(3, 121) = 0.476	.492
Interactive effect									F(3, 121) = 0.059	.808

Note. All scores are raw scores. All analyses of covariance covaried for education, WAIS—III vocabulary raw score, and SCL-90-R Depression residualized score. PTSD+ = current diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); PTSD− = no history of diagnosis of PTSD; ETOH = ethanol, or alcohol; ETOH+ = diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence in the past 5 years; ETOH− = no diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence in the past 5 years; WMS—III = Wechsler Memory Scale—Third Edition; WAIS—III = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Third Edition.