Table 4.

Primary and secondary outcomes

Variable	N	X̄±s.e.m.	95% CI	Q	P	I2
Primary outcomes (mg/dl)
TC	17	−3.4±1.7	−6.7 to −0.2*	22.8	0.12	29.7
HDL	15	1.6±0.8	−0.02 to 3.2	46.4	<0.001**	69.8
LDL	14	−0.5±1.3	−3.0 to 2.0	12.9	0.46	0.0
TG	14	−16.1±7.3	−30.2 to −2.1*	58.7	<0.001**	77.9
Secondary outcomes
Body weight (kg)	14	−1.6±0.4	−2.3 to −0.9*	25.0	0.02**	48.1
BMI (kg/m2)	5	−1.1±0.3	−1.8 to −0.5*	6.1	0.19	34.2
Body fat (%)	5	−0.1±0.3	−0.8 to 0.6	4.2	0.38	4.2
VO2max (ml/kg−1/min−1)	10	3.5±0.6	2.3 to 4.7*	55.2	<0.001**	83.7

N, number of groups reporting data in which a treatment effect could be calculated; X̄±s.e.m., mean±standard error of the mean; CI, confidence interval; Q, heterogeneity value; P, significance value for Q; I², percentage (%) of inconsistency for study results, calculated from Q statistic; TC, total cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; BMI, body mass index; VO_2max, maximum oxygen consumption.

^*Significantly different from zero (0);

^**statistically significant at P<0.05.