Table 3.

Frequencies and OR (odds ratio) and 95%CI (confidence interval) for betel quid chewing and infection with HBV/or HCV stratified by different severity levels of abnormal alanine transaminase (ALT) estimated from multiple logistic regression model after adjustments for alcohol and cigarette consumptions, age, ethnicity, BMI (body mass index) and gender

Levels of ALT elevation		≤37 [1 ×]	OR (95%CI)	>37–≤111 [1–3 ×]	OR (95%CI)	>111–≤185 [3–5 ×]	OR (95%CI)	>185 [>5 ×]	OR (95%CI)
Betel Quid Chewing	HBV/or HCV	No. of subjects		No. of subjects		No. of subjects		No. of subjects
No	-	1005	1.0	135	0.9 (0.6–1.2)	40	0.5 (0.3–0.8)	23	0.3 (0.1–0.8)
	+	318	1.3 (1.2–1.5)	18	1.6 (1.2–1.9)	21	1.8 (1.3–2.3)	24	2.3 (2.1–2.7)
Yes	-	935	1.1 (0.8–1.5)	31	1.3 (1.1–1.3)	23	1.5 (1.2–1.9)	28	1.7 (1.4–2.1)
	+	256	1.5 (1.2–1.8)	36	2.3 (1.9–2.6)	52	3.1 (2.5–3.6)	65	4.2 (3.5–4.7)

HBV: HBsAg(+)

HCV: hepatitis C virus infection

+: positive

-: negative

OR(95%): odds ratio(95%CI)

1 ×: upper normal limit

1–3 ×: one to three times of upper normal limit

5 ×: five times of upper normal limit