TABLE 2.
Clinical characteristics of cases and controlsa
| Characteristic | Value for group
|
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | ||
| Total no. of subjects | 42 | 42 | |
| Median WBC [cells/mm3 (range)] | 12.0 (0.5-39.2) | 12.6 (1.3-10.7) | 0.71 |
| Median creatinine [mg/dl (range)] | 1.6 (0.6-10.4) | 1.1 (0.3-10.5) | 0.12 |
| Median AST [U/I (range)]b | 29 (14-137) | 40 (7-156) | 0.14 |
| Median ALT [U/I (range)]b | 30 (12-189) | 46 (15-165) | 0.06 |
| Median total bilirubin [mg/dl (range)] | 0.6 (0.1-2.9) | 0.8 (0.1-2.3) | 0.55 |
| Median APACHE II score (range)c | 17 (7-31) | 13 (6-28) | 0.08 |
| Type of IE [no. (%)] | |||
| Right sided | 25 (60) | 30 (71) | 0.3 |
| Left sided only | 14 (33) | 3 (7) | 0.003 |
| Right and left sided | 3 (7) | 9 (21) | 0.18 |
| Any left sided | 17 (40) | 12 (29) | 0.25 |
| MSSA [no. (%)] | 10 (24) | 8 (19) | 0.6 |
| MRSA [no. (%)] | 32 (76) | 34 (81) | 0.9 |
| Metastatic complications [no. (%)] | |||
| None | 9 (21) | 11 (26) | 0.8 |
| One site | 21 (50) | 22 (52) | 0.8 |
| Two sites | 10 (24) | 8 (19) | 0.6 |
| Three sites | 2 (5) | 1 (2) | 0.6 |
| Metastatic infection sites [no. (%)] | |||
| Central nervous system | 14 (33) | 6 (14) | 0.1 |
| Pulmonary | 17 (40) | 20 (48) | 0.4 |
| Bone and jointd | 11 (26) | 12 (29) | 0.9 |
| Spleen | 2 (5) | 4 (10) | 0.4 |
| Primary antibiotic [no. (%)]e | |||
| Beta-lactam | 7 (17) | 5 (12) | 0.6 |
| Vancomycin | 34 (81) | 36 (86) | 0.8 |
| Rifampin treatment [days (range)]f | 20 (14-48) | 0 | NA |
| Gentamicin treatment [no. (%)]g | 34 (81) | 7 (17) | <0.001 |
WBC, white blood cell; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; MSSA, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; NA, not applicable.
AST and ALT levels are expressed in U/I.
APACHE II scores were tabulated at the first day of bacteremia.
Bone and joint infections included vertebral osteomyelitis and discitis and septic joints.
One patient in the case and control groups received daptomycin; all beta-lactam antibiotics were nafcillin except with one control patient, who received cefazolin.
Rifampin was added a median of 3 days (range, 0 to 19 days) after treatment initiation; 16 of 42 patients were still bacteremic at the time rifampin was added.
Low-dose gentamicin (1 mg/kg of body weight or equivalent depending on renal function).