TABLE 3—
Rate Ratios (RRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for the Association Between Specific Hand-Hygiene Interventions and Each Illness Outcome
| Gastrointestinal Illness (N = 24) | Respiratory Illness (N = 16) | Combined Illnesses (N = 10) | ||||
| Intervention | No. of Studies | RRa (95% CI) | No. of Studies | RRa (95% CI) | No. of Studies | RRa (95% CI) |
| Education vs control | 7 | 0.69 (0.50, 0.95) | 4 | 0.86 (0.73, 1.00) | NA | NA |
| Nonantibacterial soap with education vs controlb,c | 6 | 0.61 (0.43, 0.88) | 1 | 0.49 (0.40, 0.61) | 2 | 0.94 (0.74, 1.18) |
| Antibacterial soap with education vs controlb,c | 2 | 0.59 (0.33, 1.06) | 1 | 0.50 (0.40, 0.61) | NA | NA |
| Antibacterial soap vs nonantibacterial soapc | 2 | 0.99 (0.54, 1.83) | 2 | 1.00 (0.84, 1.19) | 1 | 0.96 (0.71, 1.30) |
| Alcohol-based hand sanitizer vs control | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2 | 0.74 (0.59, 0.93) |
| Alcohol-based hand sanitizer with education vs controlb | 5 | 0.77 (0.52, 1.13) | 6 | 0.93 (0.84, 1.03) | 3 | 0.79 (0.67, 0.93) |
| Benzalkonium chloride–based hand sanitizer vs control | 2 | 0.58 (0.30, 1.12) | 2 | 0.60 (0.45, 0.81) | 2 | 0.59 (0.45, 0.78) |