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A typical SPR reflectance angle minimum-time response used for the detection of bacteriophage (b. phage) φX174 and other somatic coliphages present in the wastewater samples. Arrows indicate the different steps from the cycle that were described in Materials and Methods: (i) incubation of the host strain E. coli WG5, (ii) PBS washing, and (iii) addition of the sample bacteriophage in one chamber (and negative control in the other chamber).
