TABLE 5.
Multidrug resistance phenotypes of commensal E. coli isolates sampled by year and seasona
| Multidrug resistance | Host species (n)c | No. of multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates sampled by year and season (% of total)b
|
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winter 2004 | Spring 2004 | Summer 2004 | Autumn 2004 | Winter 2005 | Spring 2005 | Summer 2005 | Autumn 2005 | Winter 2006 | Spring 2006 | Summer 2006 | Autumn 2006 | ||
| 0 | Human (2,575) | 286 (62.86) | 296 (68.68) | 281 (63.15) | 272 (61.26) | 280 (49.82) | 186 (66.91) | 178 (66.17) | 143 (50.71) | 186 (80.17) | 214 (80.15) | 97 (64.67) | 156 (67.24) |
| Swine (425) | 85 (16.16) | 55 (13.85) | 30 (7.43) | 34 (8.61) | 80 (15.33) | 9 (5.88) | 24 (10.26) | 18 (13.33) | 23 (15.86) | 24 (12.57) | 22 (14.67) | 21 (11.86) | |
| 1 | Human (751) | 96 (21.10) | 73 (16.94) | 82 (18.43) | 87 (19.59) | 119 (21.17) | 46 (16.55) | 36 (13.38) | 83 (29.43) | 23 (9.91) | 34 (12.73) | 35 (23.33) | 37 (15.95) |
| Swine (1,433) | 200 (38.02) | 162 (40.81) | 147 (36.39) | 160 (40.51) | 257 (49.23) | 86 (56.21) | 72 (30.77) | 62 (45.93) | 69 (47.59) | 69 (36.13) | 65 (43.33) | 84 (47.46) | |
| 2 | Human (234) | 23 (5.05) | 22 (5.10) | 29 (6.52) | 23 (5.18) | 66 (11.74) | 15 (5.40) | 14 (5.20) | 18 (6.38) | 4 (1.72) | 6 (2.25) | 7 (4.67) | 7 (3.02) |
| Swine (619) | 88 (16.73) | 78 (19.65) | 102 (25.25) | 79 (20.00) | 78 (14.94) | 25 (16.34) | 34 (14.53) | 17 (12.59) | 26 (17.93) | 45 (23.56) | 28 (18.67) | 19 (10.73) | |
| 3 | Human (199) | 18 (3.96) | 13 (3.02) | 30 (6.74) | 24 (5.41) | 30 (5.34) | 20 (7.19) | 21 (7.81) | 18 (6.38) | 10 (4.31) | 6 (2.25) | 0 (0.00) | 8 (3.45) |
| Swine (493) | 83 (15.78) | 55 (13.85) | 59 (14.60) | 62 (15.70) | 62 (11.88) | 24 (15.69) | 39 (16.67) | 26 (19.26) | 18 (12.41) | 32 (16.75) | 17 (11.33) | 16 (9.04) | |
| 4 | Human (138) | 19 (4.18) | 10 (2.32) | 13 (2.92) | 14 (3.15) | 37 (6.58) | 6 (2.16) | 4 (1.49) | 7 (2.48) | 4 (1.72) | 4 (1.50) | 4 (2.67) | 16 (6.90) |
| Swine (282) | 36 (6.84) | 34 (8.56) | 30 (7.43) | 36 (9.11) | 34 (6.51) | 5 (3.27) | 41 (17.52) | 8 (5.93) | 6 (4.14) | 13 (6.81) | 12 (8.00) | 27 (15.25) | |
| 5 | Human (81) | 9 (1.98) | 6 (1.39) | 7 (1.57) | 12 (2.70) | 17 (3.02) | 4 (1.44) | 6 (2.23) | 9 (3.19) | 3 (1.29) | 1 (0.37) | 3 (2.00) | 4 (1.72) |
| Swine (94) | 13 (2.47) | 6 (1.51) | 19 (4.70) | 12 (3.04) | 5 (0.96) | 1 (0.65) | 19 (8.12) | 3 (2.22) | 1 (0.69) | 5 (2.62) | 3 (2.00) | 7 (3.95) | |
| 6+d | Human (70) | 4 (0.88) | 11 (2.55) | 3 (0.67) | 12 (2.70) | 13 (2.31) | 1 (0.36) | 10 (3.72) | 4 (1.42) | 2 (0.86) | 2 (0.75) | 4 (2.67) | 4 (1.72) |
| Swine (83) | 21 (3.99) | 7 (1.76) | 17 (4.21) | 12 (3.04) | 6 (1.15) | 3 (1.96) | 5 (2.14) | 1 (0.74) | 2 (1.38) | 3 (1.57) | 3 (2.00) | 3 (1.69) | |
Multidrug resistance phenotypes of commensal E. coli isolates (n = 7,477 overall sample isolates) from human wastewater and swine fecal samples. The frequencies and percentages of multidrug resistant E. coli isolates are contrasted with host species and seasons. Isolate comparisons are across all unit locations, human vocation cohorts, and swine production groups.
Differences in multidrug-resistant E. coli human isolates and seasons were significant (χ2 = 249.8, P < 0.001) using m-by-n likelihood-ratio chi-square test. Likewise, the differences in multidrug-resistant E. coli swine isolates and seasons was significant (χ2 = 206.3, P < 0.001) using m-by-n likelihood-ratio chi-square test. Both P values are not adjusted for the dependence of responses within unit locations.
Number of E. coli isolates for human and swine for each multidrug resistance category.
Multidrug resistance to greater than six antimicrobial agents (6+) was collapsed into a single upper category.