Table 1.
Functional clustering based on Gene Ontology
| (A) Varroa | |||
| P value | Up-regulated | Down-regulated | |
| Biological process (unknown) | 6 (9) | 10 (6) | |
| cell organization and biogenesis | 0.000229 | 2 | 3 |
| protein metabolism | 0.004808 | 4 | 5 |
| cellular metabolism | 0.008242 | 4 | 6 |
| protein modification | 0.035714 | 2 | 1 |
| Molecular function (unknown) | 5 (9) | 9 (8) | |
| transferase activity | 0.021978 | 3 | 0 |
| catalytic activity | 0.041958 | 3 | 3 |
| (B) Bee phenotype | |||
| P value | Up-regulated | Down-regulated | |
| Biological process (unknown) | 24 (20) | 24 (31) | |
| regulation of physiological process | 3.279e-08 | 3 | 6 |
| regulation of transcription | 2.650e-09 | 3 | 5 |
| Axonogenesis | 5.139e-06 | 0 | 4 |
| cell division | 0.000231 | 0 | 3 |
| Localization | 1.450e-05 | 7 | 2 |
| axon guidance | 5.782e-05 | 0 | 3 |
| Phosphorylation | 7.709e-05 | 1 | 3 |
| cell organization and biogenesis | 0.000155 | 5 | 2 |
| nervous system development | 7.359e-05 | 1 | 4 |
| protein modification | 0.000360 | 3 | 1 |
| Molecular function (unknown) | 20 (24) | 26 (29) | |
| ATPase activity | 5.428e-05 | 2 | 1 |
| nucleic acid binding | 3.480e-07 | 4 | 5 |
| methyltransferase activity | 5.428e-05 | 1 | 2 |
| pyrophosphatase activity | 4.720e-06 | 3 | 1 |
| ion transporter activity | 5.428e-05 | 2 | 1 |
| ubiquitin-protein ligase activity | 5.428e-05 | 2 | 1 |
| kinase activity | 0.001086 | 2 | 1 |
| catalytic activity | 2.904e-06 | 6 | 8 |
| transmembrane receptor protein kinase activity | 5.428e-05 | 0 | 3 |
| cytoskeletal protein binding | 0.000543 | 0 | 3 |
| transferase activity | 1.339e-09 | 3 | 7 |
| ion binding | 1.101e-05 | 2 | 2 |
| signal transducer activity | 0.002336 | 0 | 4 |
Functional clustering based on Gene Ontology of genes that show significant differences are indicated for bees parasitized by Varroa (A), and for Varroa-tolerant bees (B). Gene Ontology terms are non-exclusive. Expression patterns within these sets of genes are represented (number of genes that are significantly up- or down-regulated). Genes with unknown biological process or molecular function are in brackets.