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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2007 Aug 6;32(12):3142–3152. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.07.012

Table 2.

Characteristics of AI-SUPERPF respondents aged 18–44 years by stage of substance use.

Stage 0: Lifetime abstainer Stage 1A: Lifetime alcohol use (only) Stage 1B: Lifetime marijuana and/or inhalant use Stage 2: Lifetime use of other illicit drug(s) Total
Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper
% CI CI % CI CI % CI CI % CI CI %
Demographic characteristics a
     Northern Plains 42.53 1A,1B,2 38.79 46.27 57.13 0,2 53.03 61.23 58.01 0 53.59 62.43 67.56 0,1A 62.23 72.89 54.09
     Female 64.78 1A,1B,2 61.18 68.38 52.33 0,2 48.21 56.45 48.10 0 43.64 52.56 40.31 0,1A 34.72 45.90 53.61
     Age 18–24 years 29.86 1A 26.40 33.32 16.67 0,1B,2 13.59 19.75 31.45 1A 27.31 35.59 25.73 1A 20.76 30.71 25.96
     Age 25–34 years 34.77 31.17 38.37 41.69 37.61 45.77 36.94 32.62 41.26 36.50 31.01 41.99 37.47
     Education:completed < 12 years 37.01 32.11 41.91 35.94 30.58 41.30 36.56 30.76 42.35 33.80 26.43 41.18 36.11
Family background b
     Financial strain 16.83 1B 13.03 20.61 21.66 17.14 26.17 27.25 0 21.89 0.33 26.52 19.60 33.44 22.13
     Changed schools more than 2 times 12.42 1B,2 9.07 15.77 18.02 13.74 22.29 21.35 0 16.40 0.26 23.00 0 22.95 23.05 17.72
     Parents divorced 16.75 2 12.86 20.65 18.81 2 14.49 23.13 23.10 18.04 0.28 32.81 0,1A 25.51 40.10 21.29
     Death of a parent 10.06 7.10 13.02 13.30 9.58 17.01 13.26 9.27 0.17 11.95 6.99 16.90 12.01
     Separation from family 20.04 1B,2 16.00 24.08 27.55 22.59 32.50 29.90 0 24.37 0.35 35.590 27.98 43.19 26.85
     Parent drug or alcohol problem 22.75 1A,1B,2 18.50 27.01 33.60 0,2 28.34 38.86 39.55 0 33.66 0.45 47.40 0,1A 39.54 55.25 33.54
Traumatic events by age 18 c
     Sexual abuse 5.52 1B,2 3.34 7.69 7.03 4.24 9.82 12.65 0 8.70 0.17 13.340 8.06 18.61 8.83
     Other violent trauma 8.02 1B,2 5.35 10.69 13.89 2 10.07 17.70 20.16 0 15.34 0.25 27.36 0,1A 20.33 34.38 15.50
     Witness family violence 19.54 1A,1B,2 15.56 23.52 28.77 0,1B,2 23.73 33.80 41.42 0,1A 35.46 0.47 46.68 0,1A 38.83 54.52 31.47
     Witness other traumatic event 5.14 1B,2 3.00 7.27 8.90 1B,2 5.74 12.06 18.33 0,1A 13.68 0.23 23.23 0,1A 16.65 29.82 12.10
     Non-interpersonal trauma 6.43 1B,2 4.04 8.83 9.46 2 6.25 12.67 15.82 0 11.47 0.20 22.06 0,1A 15.63 28.50 11.90
     Someone close experienced such trauma 8.66 1B,2 5.93 11.38 14.91 2 11.02 18.80 18.80 0 14.12 0.23 0.29 0,1A 21.53 0.35 15.84
Behaviors d
     Conduct problem by age 18 e 0.13 1A,1B,2 0.11 0.16 0.22 0,1B,2 0.19 0.26 0.33 0,1A,2 0.28 0.37 0.48 0,1A,1B 0.42 0.55 0.26
     Lifetime alcohol use 0.00 - - 100.00 - - 82.94 2 79.58 86.30 90.42 1B 87.08 93.76 61.31
     Lifetime use of marijuana and/or inhalants 0.00 - - 0.00 - - 100.00 - - 82.92 77.31 88.51 36.56
     Substance use initiation by age 13 n/a g - - 12.51 1B,2 8.83 16.18 26.29 1A 22.35 30.23 33.65 1A 28.26 39.04 22.27
     Substance use initiation 13–15 years old n/a - - 30.19 2 25.1 35.3 38.75 34.39 43.11 42.88 1A 37.25 48.51 36.15
     Substance use initiated with drug with or without alcohol n/a - - n/a - - 54.47 50.01 58.93 58.77 53.16 64.38 56.15

Stage of substance use: Respondents were assigned stage of substance use by lifetime reports of: abstinence, alcohol only, marijuana and/or inhalants with or without alcohol, and other illicit drug(s) with or without use of the previously listed substances. Other illicit drugs include cocaine, hallucinogens, non-ceremonial use of peyote, stimulants, heroin, sedatives, analgesics and tranquilizers.

0,1A,1B,2

Numeric superscripts are used to indicate significant differences (p<0.01) in a characteristic between two substance use stages. For example, 42.53% of persons in Stage 0 were in the Northern Plains tribe. The superscript “2” next to this percent indicates the Stage 0 percent for the Northern Plains tribe differs significantly from the percent of persons in the Northern Plains tribe in Stage 2. Conversely, the superscript “0” next to the percent of persons in the Northern Plains tribe in Stage 2 indicates this percent differs significantly from that reported for Stage 0.

a

Note the reference groups for the socio-demographic characteristics are for tribe Southwest, for gender male, for age persons 35–44 years old, and for education completion of 12 or more years of schooling.

b

Characteristics of family during respondents childhood.

c

Other violent trauma includes physical abuse, being physically attacked or robbed, and being in direct combat experience in a war. Witnessing other traumatic events includes witnessing an accident or disaster where someone else was seriously injured or died or witnessing someone being abused or injured. Non-interpersonal traumatic experiences include a life-threatening accident or a natural disaster such as a flood or tornado.

d

The denominators of the percents in the total column include persons in all stages for lifetime use of alcohol or lifetime use of marijuana and/or inhalents; persons in Stages 1A, 1B, and 2 for age substance use initiated; and persons in Stages 1B and 2 for substance use initiated with a drug with or without alcohol.

e

Conduct problem scores range from 0 to 2 and the mean score by substance use category is provided.

g

n/a=not applicable.