Table 3. Methyl succinate plus KIC changes the levels of various lipids in INS-1 832/13 cells.

Cells were incubated with 2 mM α-ketoisocaproate (KIC) plus 10 mM monomethyl succinate (MMS) which stimulates insulin from INS-1 832/13 cells [12 and MJM, unpublished data], and other conditions, including non-stimulatory conditions as controls, for 30 min after which metabolism was stopped and lipids were analyzed as described under Experimental Procedures. Only the results for MMS plus KIC are shown. This experiment was part of the experiment shown in Table 2 and data were calculated the same as in Table 2 (See legend of Table 2 and Supplemental Tables 1–8 at the BBA website.). ND indicates not detected.

	Lipid Class
Fatty Acid Group	Percentage Change in Lipid Induced by MMS Plus KIC
	PL	CE	FA	TG	PC	PS	PI	PE
14:0	27 ± 12	11 ± 9	18 ± 13	198 ± 53	34 ± 6	52 ± 8	−16 ± 8	−69 ± 4a
16:0	27 ± 9a	34 ± 16	3 ± 10	22 ± 16	28 ± 6	63 ± 3	−30 ± 7a	−27 ± 11
16:1	14 ± 17	3 ± 4	64 ± 16b	27 ± 23	34 ± 5	41 ± 7a	−34 ± 7a	35 ± 22
18:0	25 ± 9a	59 ± 17a	−1 ± 10	13 ± 14	27 ± 5	289 ± 19b	−39 ± 7a	−3 ± 18
18:1 (n-9)	19 ± 13	−16 ± 8	61 ± 11b	30 ± 21	29 ± 5	243 ± 18b	−43 ± 1b	44 ± 20
18:1 (n-7)	26 ± 12	24 ± 6a	127 ± 66	117 ± 75	50 ± 20	209 ± 17b	−33 ± 6b	20 ± 17
18:2	10 ± 11	−47 ± 12a	3 ± 14	100 ± 181	30 ± 7	91 ± 11	−54 ± 13b	21 ± 17
20:0	36 ± 7b	ND	126 ± 59	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
20:1 (11-cis)	11 ± 12	ND	ND	ND	7 ± 15	ND	ND	76 ± 31
20:1 (13-cis)	−53 ± 4b	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
20:3	13 ± 11	ND	ND	ND	96 ± 24	50 ± 13a	−39 ± 14	45 ± 23
20:4	5 ± 12	ND	12 ± 18	−17 ± 13	−16 ± 20	57 ± 4b	−12 ± 10	19 ± 17
22:0	30 ± 4b	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
22:6	6 ± 9	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	−31 ± 6
24:0	38 ± 25	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Total	23 ± 9a	21 ± 11	4 ± 16	30 ± 14	32 ± 9a	172 ± 4a	−30 ± 9b	2 ± 15

^ap ≤ 0.05 or

^bp ≤ 0.01 vs no addition control