Lymphocyte subset proliferation measured by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester in control subject. (a) Lymphocyte subset proliferation with control, Staphylococcus enterotoxin-B (SEB) and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) in a typical patient. In the unstimulated cells there was some proliferation of the natural killer (NK) cell population. The SEB produced strong stimulation of the T cell populations, but no obvious response could be measured from the other lymphocyte subsets. The NTHi produces proliferation predominantly in the NK cells and with some proliferation in cytotoxic lymphocyte and B cell populations. (b) Example of CD56bright NK cell proliferation, showing proliferation at baseline which was increased with the addition of NTHi. CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocytes; CFSE, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester.