Chronic Disease Is Determined by the Duration of Exposure to N. aromaticivorans
(A and B) Infected NOD 1101 mice inoculated with N. aromaticivorans at week 0 and week 2 were treated with 2 mg/ml Ampicillin and 20 mg/ml Streptomycin in drinking water between weeks 4 and 8 (A) or between weeks 12 and 16 (B). Panels show liver histopathological score for portal inflammation and bile duct damage and serum anti-PDC-E2 antibodies for individual mice at week 20. Groups include uninfected, infected, and infected/antibiotic-treated mice as indicated. Statistical significance was calculated using a Mann-Whitney test (liver lesions) and a Student's t test (antibody response). Error bars represent the standard error of the mean for each group.
(C) N. aromaticivorans 16S rRNA qPCR in tissues of NOD 1101 mice inoculated at week 0 and week 2 and analyzed at week 3. Average and SD of bacterial copies measured in three individual mice. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean for each group.
(D) N. aromaticivorans 16S rRNA qPCR in livers of individual NOD 1101 mice inoculated at week 0 and week 2 and analyzed at various time points as indicated.