TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the 531 subjects with type 1 diabetes of the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study
| Case subjects | Control subjects | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 363 | 168 | |
| Age (years) | 41.4 ± 10.5 | 35.7 ± 7.7 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 24.4 ± 9.3 | 15.4 ± 6.7 | <0.0001 |
| Males (%) | 52.3 | 48.8 | 0.45 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 3.5 | 23.6 ± 2.5 | <0.0001 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.89 ± 0.12 | 0.89 ± 0.17 | 0.64 |
| A1C (%) | 8.9 ± 1.6 | 7.7 ± 1.2 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 127.0 ± 21.7 | 114.9 ± 13.1 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75.8 ± 11.7 | 73.7 ± 10.6 | 0.04 |
| Hypertension (%) | 54.6 | 13.8 | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.46 ± 1.18 | 4.91 ± 1.08 | <0.0001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.60 ± 1.11 | 3.06 ± 0.97 | <0.0001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.61 ± 0.44 | 1.67 ± 0.42 | 0.14 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.21 (0.83–1.58) | 0.84 (0.66–1.09) | <0.0001 |
| AER (μg/min) | 51.0 (7.3–347.6) | 6.4 (4.5–9.2) | <0.0001 |
| CRP (mg/l) | 1.23 (0.52–2.88) | 0.75 (0.36–1.69) | <0.0001 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 2.48 (1.34–3.91) | 1.71 (1.06–2.50) | <0.0001 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 3.22 (2.34–4.29) | 2.14 (1.67–2.78) | <0.0001 |
| Homocysteine (μmol/l) | 7.7 (5.7–9.6) | 6.8 (5.6–81) | 0.002 |
| Amadori albumin (U/ml) | 47.0 ± 13.5 | 42.2 ± 12.3 | 0.0001 |
| E-selectin (ng/ml) | 33 (26–44) | 29 (22–38) | 0.0001 |
| sVCAM (ng/ml) | 412 (340–500) | 368 (516–420) | <0.0001 |
| HSP27 (pg/ml) | 658.0 (286.4–1,315.0) | 567.6 (250.0–1,136.0) | 0.18 |
Data are means ± SD, percentage, or geometric means (25th–75th centile) for log-transformed data.